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ROLLOUT 0 · Stratoscale/skipper

Stratoscale__skipper-164

Solved

366 stotal time

29tool calls

31model calls

4,926tokens generated

268,195prompt tokens read

No error recorded

⚠ The request log has 30 model calls but the trace has 32 agent calls, so tokens are listed separately instead of beside each turn.

Turn by turn

Token shading: p ≥ 0.9 0.5 – 0.9 0.2 – 0.5 below 0.2. Hover a token for its id and probability.

System instructions 4,822 characters

You are a principal Python software engineer resolving a repository issue in `/workspace`.
Your sole objective is to produce a minimal, root-cause source patch that passes every hidden fail-to-pass and pass-to-pass regression test on the first grading run.

## Critical Environment & Grader Rules
1. **Air-Gapped Sandbox & Available CLI Tools**: No network access. Never run `pip`, `uv`, `conda`, or `git fetch`. Note: `rg` (`ripgrep`) is NOT installed in the container — always use `grep -rn --include="*.py"` for fast exact searches so you never waste a tool call on `command not found`.
2. **Protected Grading Paths**: Before running official verification, the grading harness **strips and reverts all changes** to `tests/`, `test/`, `testing/`, `test_*.py`, `*_test.py`, `conftest.py`, `pyproject.toml`, `setup.cfg`, `pytest.ini`, and `tox.ini`. Every part of your fix MUST reside in non-test production source files.
3. **Untracked File Trap (`git add -N .`)**: `submit_patch` stages ALL untracked files inside `/workspace`! Never leave reproduction or scratch files inside `/workspace` — run reproductions inline via `python3 - <<'PY'` or inside `/tmp/repro.py` in a single `run_command`.
4. **Stdout Truncation Rule**: `run_command` truncates stdout after the first 5,000 characters from the TOP. Always run pytest quietly with short tracebacks:
`pytest path/to/test_file.py -k pattern -q --tb=short --no-header`
If a test file is large, redirect output to `/tmp/pytest.log` and inspect `tail -n 80 /tmp/pytest.log` so failure tracebacks at the bottom are never cut off.
5. **Strict Pacing Discipline**: `get_status` and `submit_patch` are free and do NOT count toward `max_tool_calls`. Target **16-22 counted tool calls total**, and **begin your first `edit_file` change no later than tool call 15**. Reserve at least 4 calls for verification, `git status --short && git diff`, and submission.

## Execution Protocol

### Phase 1 — Pinpoint Code & Tests Immediately (1-2 tool calls)
- The user message already contains `Workspace Layout` — do NOT waste a turn running `ls` on top-level directories.
- Run a single compound `run_command` with `grep -rn --include="*.py"` to locate:
(a) the exact symbols, error strings, or functions from the problem description,
(b) **all parallel or sibling implementations** (for example sync + async variants, `Client` + `AsyncClient`, serializer + deserializer, multiple backends/dialects, base + subclass methods, `__init__.py` / `__all__` exports), and
(c) the closest existing unit test files under `tests/`.

### Phase 2 — Deep Read & Spec Anchor (2-5 tool calls)
- Use `read_file` with generous `start_line` and `end_line` windows (180-300 lines per call so you read whole modules in fewer calls) on the target function/class, callers, type annotations, and neighboring tests.
- Before editing, verify every explicit and implicit requirement from the issue: exact parameter names, defaults, boundary/domain edge cases, exception types/messages, `None` vs empty collection vs falsy (`0`, `False`, `""`) semantics, mutability/copying, and return types.

### Phase 3 — Reproduce Bug in One Call (1 tool call)
- Run ONE concise command (`python3 - <<'PY' ... PY` or targeted `pytest ... -q --tb=short --no-header`) via `run_command` to observe the exact pre-fix failure. Do NOT spend multiple tool calls writing separate reproduction scripts.

### Phase 4 — Surgical Implementation Across All Parallel Paths (1-4 tool calls)
- Begin editing by tool call 15! Use `edit_file` with 4-6 lines of exact surrounding context copied from `read_file`.
- Update ALL parallel codepaths (sync/async, multiple classes/dialects, type hints) consistently so partial fixes do not fail sibling tests.
- **2-Strike Edit Rule**: If `edit_file` fails twice on the same block due to whitespace or escaping, do not retry `edit_file` a third time — apply an atomic Python transformation via `run_command` and immediately verify `python3 -m py_compile path/to/file.py`.

### Phase 5 — Edge-Case Verification, Diff Hygiene & Clean Exit (2-4 tool calls)
- Run a single compound `run_command` testing both your reproduction + boundary edge cases (`None`, empty input, leading/trailing delimiters, subdomain/prefix boundaries, subclass/async parity) AND the relevant existing `pytest` module(s) with `-q --tb=short --no-header`.
- Run `git status --short && git diff` via `run_command`. Confirm:
- ZERO untracked (`??`) files in `/workspace` (`rm -f` any untracked workspace files immediately),
- ZERO modifications to `tests/` or protected config files (`git checkout -- tests/` if touched),
- Minimal, clean diff with valid imports and indentation.
- Call `submit_patch` once verification passes, then respond with a brief 2-sentence plain-text summary and make NO further tool calls.

Task prompt 3,564 characters

You are evaluating a software engineering task for repository Stratoscale/skipper.

Problem Statement:
can't build skipper (skipper build cmd) with v2.0.0 and v2.0.1
See $TOPIC.

I get:

# skipper build
```python
WARNING:root:*** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***
[skipper] Building image: assisted-service-build
INFO:skipper:Building image: assisted-service-build
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/skipper", line 10, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/skipper/main.py", line 12, in main
    return_code = cli.cli(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 722, in __call__
    return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 697, in main
    rv = self.invoke(ctx)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1066, in invoke
    return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 895, in invoke
    return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/core.py", line 535, in invoke
    return callback(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/click/decorators.py", line 17, in new_func
    return f(get_current_context(), *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/skipper/cli.py", line 117, in build
    fqdn_image = image + ':' + tag
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str
```

## Hints:
eifrach: @eranco74   -  can you please review
eifrach: @eranco74  /retest please  :)

## Task Budget (Session terminates when any budget is exhausted)
- Time allowance: 7.5 minutes
- Tool calls allowance: 30 calls
- Max loop iterations: 40 turns

## Execution Environment Rules
- Single command timeout: 90 seconds (commands exceeding this fail without ending the session)
- Command output limit: 5000 characters
- File view limit: 150 lines per read_file call
- File character limit: 10000 characters per read_file call
- Environment is offline (no network/PyPI access). All repository and test dependencies are ALREADY pre-installed. Do NOT attempt to run pip install or download packages.

## Instructions:
0. All source code is under `/workspace`. Do NOT search outside `/workspace` (e.g. `/usr/`, `/wheels/`, system site-packages). If imports fail, the issue is in the source code under `/workspace`, not in missing system packages.
1. Analyze the problem statement and any provided hints carefully to identify all requested script paths, CLI subcommands, or Python modules.
2. Inspect existing codebase conventions and test files before making edits.
3. Verify your implementation using targeted tests or inline assertions before submitting.
4. Call submit_patch only after your implementation is complete and verified.
5. As your final action, you must return a text-only response reporting your completion to terminate the session.
## Workspace Layout
The repository is located at `/workspace`. Here is the directory tree (up to 3 levels):
```
./Dockerfile.skipper-build
./LICENSE
./MANIFEST.in
./Makefile
./README.md
./dev-requirements.txt
./requirements.txt
./setup.cfg
./setup.py
./skipper
./skipper.yaml
./skipper/__init__.py
./skipper/cli.py
./skipper/config.py
./skipper/data
./skipper/data/skipper-complete.sh
./skipper/data/skipper-entrypoint.sh
./skipper/git.py
./skipper/main.py
./skipper/runner.py
./skipper/utils.py
./tests
```

Turn 1at 11 s167 tokens out3,124 prompt tokens

The user is reporting a `TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str` when running `skipper build`.
The traceback points to `/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/skipper/cli.py`, line 117, in `build`:
`fqdn_image = image + ':' + tag`

This indicates that either `image` or `tag` (or both) is of type `bytes` instead of `str`.

Let's start by examining `skipper/cli.py` around line 117.

TOOL CALL · read_file

{
  "end_line": 130,
  "filepath": "skipper/cli.py",
  "start_line": 100
}

Result of read_file 1,543 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "skipper/cli.py",
  "content": "    if not images_to_build:\n        valid_images_to_build = valid_images\n    else:\n        for image in images_to_build:\n            if image not in valid_images:\n                utils.logger.warning('Image %s is not valid for this project! Skipping...', image)\n                continue\n            valid_images_to_build[image] = valid_images[image]\n\n    tag = git.get_hash()\n    for image, dockerfile in six.iteritems(valid_images_to_build):\n        utils.logger.info('Building image: %s', image)\n\n        if not os.path.exists(dockerfile):\n            utils.logger.warning('File %s does not exist! Skipping...', dockerfile)\n            continue\n\n        fqdn_image = image + ':' + tag\n        if container_context is not None:\n            build_context = container_context\n        elif ctx.obj['container_context']:\n            build_context = ctx.obj['container_context']\n        else:\n            build_context = os.path.dirname(dockerfile)\n        command = ['build', '--network=host', '--build-arg', f'TAG={tag}',\n                   '-f', dockerfile, '-t', fqdn_image, build_context]\n        if cache:\n            cache_image = utils.generate_fqdn_image(ctx.obj['registry'], namespace=None, image=image, tag=DOCKER_TAG_FOR_CACHE)\n            runner.run(['pull', cache_image])\n            command.extend(['--cache-from', cache_image])\n        ret = runner.run(command)",
  "start_line": 100,
  "end_line": 130,
  "total_lines": 485,
  "is_truncated": false
}

Turn 2at 18 s76 tokens out3,756 prompt tokens

The line is `fqdn_image = image + ':' + tag`.
`tag = git.get_hash()` is called right before the loop.
Let's check `skipper/git.py` to see what `get_hash()` returns.

TOOL CALL · read_file

{
  "filepath": "skipper/git.py"
}

Result of read_file 832 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "skipper/git.py",
  "content": "import os.path\nimport logging\nimport subprocess\n\n\ndef get_hash(short=False):\n    if not os.path.exists('.git'):\n        logging.warning('*** Not working in a git repository ***')\n        return 'none'\n\n    git_command = ['git', 'rev-parse']\n    if short:\n        git_command += ['--short']\n    git_command += ['HEAD']\n\n    if uncommitted_changes():\n        logging.warning(\"*** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\")\n\n    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()\n\n\ndef uncommitted_changes():\n    \"\"\"Return True is there are uncommitted changes.\"\"\"\n    return subprocess.call(['git', 'diff', '--quiet', 'HEAD']) != 0",
  "start_line": 1,
  "end_line": 24,
  "total_lines": 24,
  "is_truncated": false
}

Turn 3at 35 s217 tokens out4,105 prompt tokens

In `skipper/git.py`, `get_hash()` uses `subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()`.
`subprocess.check_output` returns `bytes` in Python 3.
This is the cause of the problem. `tag` will be `bytes`, and trying to concatenate it with `image` (which is likely a `str`) will cause the `TypeError`.

To fix this, `subprocess.check_output` should be told to return a string, or the output should be decoded. The easiest way is to add `text=True` (Python 3.7+) or use `.decode('utf-8')`. Since the environment uses Python 3.9 (based on the traceback), `text=True` or `universal_newlines=True` will work.

Wait, let me check if there are other places where `get_hash` is used.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "grep -rn \"get_hash\" ."
}

Result of run_command 2,966 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": "./skipper/cli.py:76:    ctx.obj['build_container_tag'] = git.get_hash() if ctx.obj['git_revision'] else build_container_tag\n./skipper/cli.py:109:    tag = git.get_hash()\n./skipper/cli.py:156:    tag = git.get_hash()\n./skipper/git.py:6:def get_hash(short=False):\n./tests/test_git.py:13:    def test_get_hash_with_default_argument(self, exists_mock, check_output_mock):\n./tests/test_git.py:14:        git_hash = git.get_hash()\n./tests/test_git.py:22:        git_hash = git.get_hash(short=False)\n./tests/test_git.py:30:        git_hash = git.get_hash(short=True)\n./tests/test_git.py:38:        git_hash = git.get_hash()\n./tests/test_cli.py:252:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:275:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:304:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:326:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:352:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:368:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:394:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:418:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:443:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:470:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:493:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:511:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:537:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:562:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:588:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:614:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:630:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:657:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:686:    @mock.patch('skipper.git.get_hash', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567'))\n",
  "stderr": "",
  "exit_code": 0
}

Turn 4at 42 s84 tokens out5,600 prompt tokens

It seems `git.get_hash()` is used in several places in `cli.py`.

Let's create a reproduction script to confirm the bug.
Since I don't have a git repository in `/workspace` (wait, is there one?), I should check if `.git` exists.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "ls -d .git"
}

Result of run_command 66 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": ".git\n",
  "stderr": "",
  "exit_code": 0
}

Turn 5at 49 s88 tokens out5,725 prompt tokens

Yes, there is a `.git` directory. I can try to call `get_hash()` and see what it returns.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "python3 - <<'PY'\nfrom skipper import git\nhash = git.get_hash()\nprint(f\"Type: {type(hash)}\")\nprint(f\"Value: {hash}\")\nPY\n"
}

Result of run_command 135 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": "Type: <class 'bytes'>\nValue: b'd4a7fcfa83d16b6e387f8660af6232048a178dc4'\n",
  "stderr": "",
  "exit_code": 0
}

Turn 6at 55 s104 tokens out5,902 prompt tokens

Confirmed. `get_hash()` returns `bytes`.

Now let's fix it in `skipper/git.py`. I'll use `universal_newlines=True` for compatibility across Python 3 versions (it's an alias for `text=True`).

Wait, let me double check if `subprocess.check_output` is used anywhere else.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "grep -rn \"subprocess.check_output\" ."
}

Result of run_command 5,134 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": "./skipper/utils.py:186:    return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())\n./skipper/git.py:19:    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()\n./tests/test_git.py:11:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=GIT_HASH_FULL)\n./tests/test_git.py:19:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=GIT_HASH_FULL)\n./tests/test_git.py:27:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=GIT_HASH_SHORT)\n./tests/test_git.py:35:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output')\n./tests/test_runner.py:69:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=False)\n./tests/test_runner.py:115:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=False)\n./tests/test_runner.py:161:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=False)\n./tests/test_runner.py:212:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=False)\n./tests/test_runner.py:269:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=False)\n./tests/test_runner.py:324:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=False)\n./tests/test_runner.py:373:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=False)\n./tests/test_runner.py:418:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=False)\n./tests/test_runner.py:468:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=False)\n./tests/test_cli.py:327:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value=''))\n./tests/test_cli.py:714:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=True)\n./tests/test_cli.py:715:    def test_images_with_single_local_results(self, subprocess_check_output_mock, tabulate_mock):\n./tests/test_cli.py:716:        subprocess_check_output_mock.return_value = '{\"name\": \"my_image\", \"tag\": \"1234567\"}'\n./tests/test_cli.py:729:        subprocess_check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(expected_command)\n./tests/test_cli.py:735:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=True)\n./tests/test_cli.py:736:    def test_images_with_multiple_local_results(self, subprocess_check_output_mock, tabulate_mock):\n./tests/test_cli.py:737:        subprocess_check_output_mock.side_effect = [\n./tests/test_cli.py:756:        subprocess_check_output_mock.assert_has_calls(expected_check_output_calls, any_order=True)\n./tests/test_cli.py:768:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=True)\n./tests/test_cli.py:769:    def test_images_with_all_results(self, subprocess_check_output_mock, requests_get_mock, tabulate_mock,\n./tests/test_cli.py:771:        subprocess_check_output_mock.return_value = '{\"name\": \"my_image\", \"tag\": \"aaaaaaa\"}'\n./tests/test_cli.py:793:        subprocess_check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(expected_command)\n./tests/test_cli.py:815:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=True, return_value='')\n./tests/test_cli.py:816:    def test_images_with_remote_results_only(self, subprocess_check_output_mock, requests_get_mock, tabulate_mock,\n./tests/test_cli.py:838:        subprocess_check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(expected_command)\n./tests/test_cli.py:859:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=True, return_value='')\n./tests/test_cli.py:860:    def test_images_with_missing_remote_results(self, subprocess_check_output_mock, requests_get_mock, tabulate_mock,\n./tests/test_cli.py:883:        subprocess_check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(expected_command)\n./tests/test_cli.py:900:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=True)\n./tests/test_cli.py:901:    def test_images_with_local_result_and_missing_remote_results(self, subprocess_check_output_mock, requests_get_mock,\n./tests/test_cli.py:903:        subprocess_check_output_mock.return_value = '{\"name\": \"my_image\", \"tag\": \"aaaaaaa\"}'\n./tests/test_cli.py:926:        subprocess_check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(expected_command)\n./tests/test_cli.py:946:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=True, return_value='')\n./tests/test_cli.py:947:    def test_images_with_with_remote_error(self, subprocess_check_output_mock, requests_get_mock,\n./tests/test_cli.py:970:        subprocess_check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(expected_command)\n./tests/test_cli.py:983:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=True, return_value='')\n./tests/test_cli.py:984:    def test_images_without_local_results(self, subprocess_check_output_mock, tabulate_mock):\n./tests/test_cli.py:997:        subprocess_check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(expected_command)\n./tests/test_cli.py:1001:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', autospec=True)\n./tests/test_cli.py:1002:    def test_rmi_local(self, subprocess_check_output_mock):\n./tests/test_cli.py:1014:        subprocess_check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(expected_command)\n./tests/test_cli.py:1071:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value='1234567\\n'))\n./tests/test_cli.py:1088:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', mock.MagicMock(autospec=True, return_value=''))\n./tests/test_cli.py:1115:    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_o",
  "stderr": "",
  "exit_code": 0
}

Turn 7at 63 s114 tokens out7,859 prompt tokens

In `skipper/utils.py:186`, `subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip()` is wrapped in `str()`.
Wait, `str(b'abc')` in Python 3 returns the string `"b'abc'"` which is probably NOT what is desired.

Let's check `skipper/utils.py`.

TOOL CALL · read_file

{
  "end_line": 190,
  "filepath": "skipper/utils.py",
  "start_line": 180
}

Result of read_file 473 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "skipper/utils.py",
  "content": "    return pkg_resources.resource_filename(\"skipper\", f\"data/{filename}\")\n\n\ndef run_container_command(args):\n    cmd = [get_runtime_command()]\n    cmd.extend(args)\n    return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())\n\n\ndef create_path_and_add_data(full_path, data, is_file):\n    directory = os.path.dirname(full_path)",
  "start_line": 180,
  "end_line": 190,
  "total_lines": 210,
  "is_truncated": false
}

Turn 8at 68 s89 tokens out8,156 prompt tokens

Indeed, `run_container_command` does `return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())`.
This is almost certainly a bug if it's intended to return the content of the command output.

Let's see if `run_container_command` is used.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "grep -rn \"run_container_command\" ."
}

Result of run_command 567 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": "./skipper/runner.py:226:    utils.run_container_command(['network', 'create', net])\n./skipper/runner.py:232:    utils.run_container_command(['network', 'rm', net])\n./skipper/runner.py:237:    result = utils.run_container_command(cmd)\n./skipper/utils.py:55:    output = run_container_command(command)\n./skipper/utils.py:79:        output = run_container_command(command + [image])\n./skipper/utils.py:130:    run_container_command(['rmi', name])\n./skipper/utils.py:183:def run_container_command(args):\n",
  "stderr": "",
  "exit_code": 0
}

Turn 9at 73 s63 tokens out8,465 prompt tokens

It's used in several places. Let's check how `output` is used in `skipper/utils.py`.

TOOL CALL · read_file

{
  "end_line": 85,
  "filepath": "skipper/utils.py",
  "start_line": 40
}

Result of read_file 1,580 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "skipper/utils.py",
  "content": "\n\ndef get_images_from_dockerfiles():\n    dockerfiles = glob.glob(image_to_dockerfile('*'))\n    images = {dockerfile_to_image(dockerfile): dockerfile for dockerfile in dockerfiles}\n    return images\n\n\ndef local_image_exist(image, tag):\n    name = image + ':' + tag\n    command = [\n        'images',\n        '--format', '{{.ID}}',\n        name\n    ]\n    output = run_container_command(command)\n    return output != ''\n\n\ndef remote_image_exist(registry, image, tag, username, password):\n    urllib3.disable_warnings()\n    url = IMAGE_TAGS_URL % {\"registry\": registry, \"image\": image}\n    headers = {\"Accept\": \"application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json\"}\n    response = requests.get(url=url, verify=False, headers=headers, auth=HttpBearerAuth(username, password))\n\n    if response.status_code != http_client.OK:\n        return False\n\n    info = response.json()\n    return tag in info['tags']\n\n\ndef get_local_images_info(images):\n    command = [\n        'images',\n        '--format', '{\"name\": \"{{.Repository}}\", \"tag\": \"{{.Tag}}\"}',\n    ]\n    images_info = []\n    for image in images:\n        output = run_container_command(command + [image])\n        if output == '':\n            continue\n        image_info = [json.loads(record) for record in output.splitlines()]\n        images_info += [['none', info['name'], info['tag']] for info in image_info]\n\n    return images_info",
  "start_line": 40,
  "end_line": 85,
  "total_lines": 210,
  "is_truncated": false
}

Turn 10at 92 s270 tokens out9,033 prompt tokens

In `get_local_images_info`:
```python
        output = run_container_command(command + [image])
        if output == '':
            continue
        image_info = [json.loads(record) for record in output.splitlines()]
```
If `run_container_command` returns `str(bytes)`, then `output` will be something like `"b'[{\"name\": \"...\", \"tag\": \"...\"}]'"`. `json.loads` will fail if it's not a valid JSON string (which it isn't, because of the `b'` prefix).

Wait, if it's wrapped in `str()`, it becomes a string. But it's the string representation of the bytes object.

Let's test this behavior.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "python3 - <<'PY'\nimport json\nb = b'{\"name\": \"my_image\", \"tag\": \"1234567\"}'\ns = str(b)\nprint(f\"s: {s}\")\ntry:\n    json.loads(s)\nexcept Exception as e:\n    print(f\"Error: {e}\")\nPY\n"
}

Result of run_command 164 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": "s: b'{\"name\": \"my_image\", \"tag\": \"1234567\"}'\nError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)\n",
  "stderr": "",
  "exit_code": 0
}

Turn 11at 116 s460 tokens out9,386 prompt tokens

Confirmed. `str(bytes)` is not what's wanted. It should be `.decode('utf-8')`.

So I should fix `get_hash` in `skipper/git.py` AND `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py`.

Let's refine the fix for `get_hash` in `skipper/git.py`.
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()
```
should become
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(git_command, text=True).strip()
```
or
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()
```

And `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py`:
```python
    return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())
```
should become
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(cmd, text=True).strip()
```
or
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()
```

I'll use `text=True` since it's available in Python 3.7+.

Let's check if any other `subprocess.check_output` exists without `text=True` or `.decode()`.

I already ran `grep -rn "subprocess.check_output" .`.
Many are in tests and they are mocked.
One is in `skipper/utils.py` (already found) and one in `skipper/git.py` (already found).

Wait, let me check `skipper/runner.py` if it's used there.
`grep` results showed `subprocess.check_output` in `tests/test_runner.py` but not in `skipper/runner.py`.

Let's check `skipper/runner.py` just in case I missed something.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "grep -rn \"subprocess.check_output\" skipper/runner.py"
}

Result of run_command 127 characters

{
  "status": "error",
  "error_type": "CommandError",
  "error_message": "",
  "details": {
    "stdout": "",
    "stderr": "",
    "exit_code": 1
  }
}

Turn 12at 124 s150 tokens out9,901 prompt tokens

Okay, it's not in `skipper/runner.py`.

Wait, what about other `subprocess` calls?
`subprocess.call` is used in `uncommitted_changes` in `skipper/git.py`. That one returns an exit code, so it's fine.

Let's verify the fix.

First fix `skipper/git.py`.

TOOL CALL · edit_file

{
  "filepath": "skipper/git.py",
  "new_string": "    return subprocess.check_output(git_command, text=True).strip()",
  "old_string": "    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()"
}

Result of edit_file 491 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "skipper/git.py",
  "occurrences": 1,
  "strategy": "exact",
  "diff": "--- a/skipper/git.py\n+++ b/skipper/git.py\n@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@\n     if uncommitted_changes():\n         logging.warning(\"*** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\")\n \n-    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()\n+    return subprocess.check_output(git_command, text=True).strip()\n \n \n def uncommitted_changes():\n",
  "is_truncated": false
}

Turn 13at 127 s76 tokens out10,225 prompt tokens

Now fix `skipper/utils.py`.

TOOL CALL · edit_file

{
  "filepath": "skipper/utils.py",
  "new_string": "    return subprocess.check_output(cmd, text=True).strip()",
  "old_string": "    return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())"
}

Result of edit_file 465 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "skipper/utils.py",
  "occurrences": 1,
  "strategy": "exact",
  "diff": "--- a/skipper/utils.py\n+++ b/skipper/utils.py\n@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@\n def run_container_command(args):\n     cmd = [get_runtime_command()]\n     cmd.extend(args)\n-    return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())\n+    return subprocess.check_output(cmd, text=True).strip()\n \n \n def create_path_and_add_data(full_path, data, is_file):\n",
  "is_truncated": false
}

Turn 14at 130 s76 tokens out10,487 prompt tokens

Now let's verify `get_hash()` returns a string.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "python3 - <<'PY'\nfrom skipper import git\nhash = git.get_hash()\nprint(f\"Type: {type(hash)}\")\nprint(f\"Value: {hash}\")\nPY\n"
}

Result of run_command 224 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": "Type: <class 'str'>\nValue: d4a7fcfa83d16b6e387f8660af6232048a178dc4\n",
  "stderr": "WARNING:root:*** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n",
  "exit_code": 0
}

Turn 15at 137 s134 tokens out10,670 prompt tokens

Now let's verify that `run_container_command` returns a string.
I'll mock `get_runtime_command` and run a simple command.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "python3 - <<'PY'\nfrom skipper import utils\nimport subprocess\nfrom unittest.mock import patch\n\nwith patch('skipper.utils.get_runtime_command', return_value='echo'):\n    output = utils.run_container_command(['hello'])\n    print(f\"Type: {type(output)}\")\n    print(f\"Value: {output}\")\nPY\n"
}

Result of run_command 394 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": "Type: <class 'str'>\nValue: hello\n",
  "stderr": "/workspace/skipper/utils.py:12: UserWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html. The pkg_resources package is slated for removal as early as 2025-11-30. Refrain from using this package or pin to Setuptools<81.\n  import pkg_resources\n",
  "exit_code": 0
}

Turn 16at 143 s94 tokens out10,951 prompt tokens

Both are now returning strings.

Now I should run the tests to make sure I didn't break anything.
I'll run `tests/test_git.py` and `tests/test_utils.py` (if it exists) or other relevant tests.

First let's see if `tests/test_utils.py` exists.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "ls tests/"
}

Result of run_command 153 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": "__init__.py\ntest_cli.py\ntest_git.py\ntest_runner.py\ntest_runner_podman.py\ntest_utils.py\n",
  "stderr": "",
  "exit_code": 0
}

Turn 17at 146 s64 tokens out11,126 prompt tokens

Let's run `tests/test_git.py` and `tests/test_utils.py`.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "pytest tests/test_git.py tests/test_utils.py -q --tb=short --no-header"
}

Result of run_command 8,447 characters

{
  "status": "error",
  "error_type": "CommandError",
  "error_message": "FFF...                                                                   [100%]\n=================================== FAILURES ===================================\n__________________________ TestGit.test_get_full_hash __________________________\ntests/test_git.py:24: in test_get_full_hash\n    check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:1005: in assert_called_once_with\n    return self.assert_called_with(*args, **kwargs)\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:992: in assert_called_with\n    raise AssertionError(_error_message()) from cause\nE   AssertionError: expected call not found.\nE   Expected: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])\nE     Actual: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'], text=True)\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n_________________ TestGit.test_get_hash_with_default_argument __________________\ntests/test_git.py:16: in test_get_hash_with_default_argument\n    check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:1005: in assert_called_once_with\n    return self.assert_called_with(*args, **kwargs)\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:992: in assert_called_with\n    raise AssertionError(_error_message()) from cause\nE   AssertionError: expected call not found.\nE   Expected: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])\nE     Actual: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'], text=True)\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n_________________________ TestGit.test_get_short_hash __________________________\ntests/test_git.py:32: in test_get_short_hash\n    check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'])\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:1005: in assert_called_once_with\n    return self.assert_called_with(*args, **kwargs)\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:992: in assert_called_with\n    raise AssertionError(_error_message()) from cause\nE   AssertionError: expected call not found.\nE   Expected: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'])\nE     Actual: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'], text=True)\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n=============================== warnings summary ===============================\nskipper/utils.py:12\n  /workspace/skipper/utils.py:12: UserWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html. The pkg_resources package is slated for removal as early as 2025-11-30. Refrain from using this package or pin to Setuptools<81.\n    import pkg_resources\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:16: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:20: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.PODMAN)\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:27: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n\n-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html\n=========================== short test summary info ============================\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_full_hash - AssertionError: expec...\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_hash_with_default_argument - Asse...\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_short_hash - AssertionError: expe...\n3 failed, 3 passed, 4 warnings in 0.18s\n",
  "details": {
    "stdout": "FFF...                                                                   [100%]\n=================================== FAILURES ===================================\n__________________________ TestGit.test_get_full_hash __________________________\ntests/test_git.py:24: in test_get_full_hash\n    check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:1005: in assert_called_once_with\n    return self.assert_called_with(*args, **kwargs)\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:992: in assert_called_with\n    raise AssertionError(_error_message()) from cause\nE   AssertionError: expected call not found.\nE   Expected: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])\nE     Actual: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'], text=True)\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n_________________ TestGit.test_get_hash_with_default_argument __________________\ntests/test_git.py:16: in test_get_hash_with_default_argument\n    check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:1005: in assert_called_once_with\n    return self.assert_called_with(*args, **kwargs)\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:992: in assert_called_with\n    raise AssertionError(_error_message()) from cause\nE   AssertionError: expected call not found.\nE   Expected: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])\nE     Actual: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'], text=True)\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n_________________________ TestGit.test_get_short_hash __________________________\ntests/test_git.py:32: in test_get_short_hash\n    check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'])\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:1005: in assert_called_once_with\n    return self.assert_called_with(*args, **kwargs)\n/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/mock/mock.py:992: in assert_called_with\n    raise AssertionError(_error_message()) from cause\nE   AssertionError: expected call not found.\nE   Expected: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'])\nE     Actual: check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'], text=True)\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n=============================== warnings summary ===============================\nskipper/utils.py:12\n  /workspace/skipper/utils.py:12: UserWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html. The pkg_resources package is slated for removal as early as 2025-11-30. Refrain from using this package or pin to Setuptools<81.\n    import pkg_resources\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:16: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:20: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.PODMAN)\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:27: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n\n-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html\n=========================== short test summary info ============================\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_full_hash - AssertionError: expec...\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_hash_with_default_argument - Asse...\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_short_hash - AssertionError: expe...\n3 failed, 3 passed, 4 warnings in 0.18s\n",
    "stderr": "",
    "exit_code": 1
  }
}

Turn 18at 167 s343 tokens out13,733 prompt tokens

The tests in `tests/test_git.py` failed because they were asserting that `subprocess.check_output` was called WITHOUT `text=True`. Since the instructions say that "Every part of your fix MUST reside in non-test production source files", I cannot edit the tests.

This means I should not use `text=True` if it breaks existing tests, OR I should find a way to return a string without changing the arguments passed to `subprocess.check_output`.

I can use `.decode('utf-8')` instead of `text=True`. This way the call to `check_output` remains the same, and I just process the result.

Let me try that.

First, revert `skipper/git.py` and `skipper/utils.py` to use `.decode('utf-8')`.

Wait, `get_hash()` in `skipper/git.py`:
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()
```

And `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py`:
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()
```

Let's try this.

TOOL CALL · edit_file

{
  "filepath": "skipper/git.py",
  "new_string": "    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()",
  "old_string": "    return subprocess.check_output(git_command, text=True).strip()"
}

Result of edit_file 507 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "skipper/git.py",
  "occurrences": 1,
  "strategy": "exact",
  "diff": "--- a/skipper/git.py\n+++ b/skipper/git.py\n@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@\n     if uncommitted_changes():\n         logging.warning(\"*** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\")\n \n-    return subprocess.check_output(git_command, text=True).strip()\n+    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()\n \n \n def uncommitted_changes():\n",
  "is_truncated": false
}

Turn 19at 172 s79 tokens out14,257 prompt tokens

Now `skipper/utils.py`.

TOOL CALL · edit_file

{
  "filepath": "skipper/utils.py",
  "new_string": "    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()",
  "old_string": "    return subprocess.check_output(cmd, text=True).strip()"
}

Result of edit_file 476 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "skipper/utils.py",
  "occurrences": 1,
  "strategy": "exact",
  "diff": "--- a/skipper/utils.py\n+++ b/skipper/utils.py\n@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@\n def run_container_command(args):\n     cmd = [get_runtime_command()]\n     cmd.extend(args)\n-    return subprocess.check_output(cmd, text=True).strip()\n+    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()\n \n \n def create_path_and_add_data(full_path, data, is_file):\n",
  "is_truncated": false
}

Turn 20at 174 s50 tokens out14,525 prompt tokens

Now let's run the tests again.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "pytest tests/test_git.py tests/test_utils.py -q --tb=short --no-header"
}

Result of run_command 6,707 characters

{
  "status": "error",
  "error_type": "CommandError",
  "error_message": "FFF...                                                                   [100%]\n=================================== FAILURES ===================================\n__________________________ TestGit.test_get_full_hash __________________________\ntests/test_git.py:22: in test_get_full_hash\n    git_hash = git.get_hash(short=False)\nskipper/git.py:19: in get_hash\n    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()\nE   AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'. Did you mean: 'encode'?\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n_________________ TestGit.test_get_hash_with_default_argument __________________\ntests/test_git.py:14: in test_get_hash_with_default_argument\n    git_hash = git.get_hash()\nskipper/git.py:19: in get_hash\n    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()\nE   AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'. Did you mean: 'encode'?\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n_________________________ TestGit.test_get_short_hash __________________________\ntests/test_git.py:30: in test_get_short_hash\n    git_hash = git.get_hash(short=True)\nskipper/git.py:19: in get_hash\n    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()\nE   AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'. Did you mean: 'encode'?\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n=============================== warnings summary ===============================\nskipper/utils.py:12\n  /workspace/skipper/utils.py:12: UserWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html. The pkg_resources package is slated for removal as early as 2025-11-30. Refrain from using this package or pin to Setuptools<81.\n    import pkg_resources\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:16: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:20: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.PODMAN)\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:27: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n\n-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html\n=========================== short test summary info ============================\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_full_hash - AttributeError: 'str'...\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_hash_with_default_argument - Attr...\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_short_hash - AttributeError: 'str...\n3 failed, 3 passed, 4 warnings in 0.10s\n",
  "details": {
    "stdout": "FFF...                                                                   [100%]\n=================================== FAILURES ===================================\n__________________________ TestGit.test_get_full_hash __________________________\ntests/test_git.py:22: in test_get_full_hash\n    git_hash = git.get_hash(short=False)\nskipper/git.py:19: in get_hash\n    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()\nE   AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'. Did you mean: 'encode'?\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n_________________ TestGit.test_get_hash_with_default_argument __________________\ntests/test_git.py:14: in test_get_hash_with_default_argument\n    git_hash = git.get_hash()\nskipper/git.py:19: in get_hash\n    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()\nE   AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'. Did you mean: 'encode'?\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n_________________________ TestGit.test_get_short_hash __________________________\ntests/test_git.py:30: in test_get_short_hash\n    git_hash = git.get_hash(short=True)\nskipper/git.py:19: in get_hash\n    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()\nE   AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'. Did you mean: 'encode'?\n------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------\nWARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n=============================== warnings summary ===============================\nskipper/utils.py:12\n  /workspace/skipper/utils.py:12: UserWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html. The pkg_resources package is slated for removal as early as 2025-11-30. Refrain from using this package or pin to Setuptools<81.\n    import pkg_resources\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:16: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:20: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.PODMAN)\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:27: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n\n-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html\n=========================== short test summary info ============================\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_full_hash - AttributeError: 'str'...\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_hash_with_default_argument - Attr...\nFAILED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_short_hash - AttributeError: 'str...\n3 failed, 3 passed, 4 warnings in 0.10s\n",
    "stderr": "",
    "exit_code": 1
  },
  "budget_warning": "Only 10 tool call(s) remaining (20/30 used). Finalize your edits and call submit_patch soon."
}

Turn 21at 235 s155 tokens out5,157 prompt tokens

Ah, the tests are mocking `subprocess.check_output` to return a `str`!

```python
    with patch('subprocess.check_output') as mocked_check_output:
        mocked_check_output.return_value = b'mocked_hash'
```
Wait, looking at the failure: `AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'. Did you mean: 'encode'?`

This means in the tests, `subprocess.check_output` is returning a `str`, not `bytes`.

Let me check `tests/test_git.py` again.

TOOL CALL · read_file

{
  "filepath": "tests/test_git.py"
}

Result of read_file 2,083 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "tests/test_git.py",
  "content": "import unittest\nimport mock\nfrom skipper import git\n\n\nGIT_HASH_FULL = '00efe974e3cf18c3493f110f5aeda04ff78b125f'\nGIT_HASH_SHORT = '00efe97'\n\n\nclass TestGit(unittest.TestCase):\n    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=GIT_HASH_FULL)\n    @mock.patch('os.path.exists', return_value=True)\n    def test_get_hash_with_default_argument(self, exists_mock, check_output_mock):\n        git_hash = git.get_hash()\n        exists_mock.assert_called_once_with('.git')\n        check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])\n        self.assertEqual(git_hash, GIT_HASH_FULL)\n\n    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=GIT_HASH_FULL)\n    @mock.patch('os.path.exists', return_value=True)\n    def test_get_full_hash(self, exists_mock, check_output_mock):\n        git_hash = git.get_hash(short=False)\n        exists_mock.assert_called_once_with('.git')\n        check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])\n        self.assertEqual(git_hash, GIT_HASH_FULL)\n\n    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=GIT_HASH_SHORT)\n    @mock.patch('os.path.exists', return_value=True)\n    def test_get_short_hash(self, exists_mock, check_output_mock):\n        git_hash = git.get_hash(short=True)\n        exists_mock.assert_called_once_with('.git')\n        check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'])\n        self.assertEqual(git_hash, GIT_HASH_SHORT)\n\n    @mock.patch('subprocess.check_output')\n    @mock.patch('os.path.exists', return_value=False)\n    def test_not_in_git_project(self, exists_mock, check_output_mock):\n        git_hash = git.get_hash()\n        exists_mock.assert_called_once_with('.git')\n        check_output_mock.assert_not_called()\n        self.assertEqual(git_hash, 'none')",
  "start_line": 1,
  "end_line": 41,
  "total_lines": 41,
  "is_truncated": false,
  "budget_warning": "Only 9 tool call(s) remaining (21/30 used). Finalize your edits and call submit_patch soon."
}

Turn 22at 267 s467 tokens out6,050 prompt tokens

Yes, `test_get_hash_with_default_argument` uses `@mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=GIT_HASH_FULL)`, where `GIT_HASH_FULL` is a `str`.

This is a problem because in reality `subprocess.check_output` returns `bytes` (in Python 3). The tests are using strings.

If I use `.decode('utf-8')`, it fails when the mock returns a string.
If I use `text=True`, it fails because the mock expects the function to be called without `text=True` (and the mock return value is a string).

Actually, the `test_get_hash_with_default_argument` test does:
`check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])`
If I use `text=True`, this assertion fails because the call was actually `subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'], text=True)`.

Wait, the original issue was exactly this: `TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str`. This means `get_hash()` was returning `bytes`.

If I want to fix the bug AND pass the tests (without changing the tests), I need a way to handle both cases:
1. If the result is bytes, decode it.
2. If the result is already a string (as in the tests), use it.

I can use:
```python
res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)
if isinstance(res, bytes):
    res = res.decode('utf-8')
return res.strip()
```

But that's a bit wordy. Maybe:
```python
res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)
return (res.decode('utf-8') if isinstance(res, bytes) else res).strip()
```

Let's check `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py` too.

TOOL CALL · read_file

{
  "filepath": "tests/test_utils.py"
}

Result of read_file 2,360 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "tests/test_utils.py",
  "content": "import os\nimport unittest\n\nimport mock\n\nfrom skipper import utils\n\n\nclass TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):\n\n    @mock.patch('skipper.utils.which', autospec=False)\n    def test_get_runtime_command(self, find_executable_mock):\n        utils.CONTAINER_RUNTIME_COMMAND = None\n        find_executable_mock.side_effect = \"done\"\n        res = utils.get_runtime_command()\n        self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n        find_executable_mock.side_effect = [None, \"done\"]\n        utils.CONTAINER_RUNTIME_COMMAND = None\n        res = utils.get_runtime_command()\n        self.assertEquals(res, utils.PODMAN)\n        with self.assertRaises(Exception):\n            find_executable_mock.side_effect = [None, None]\n            utils.CONTAINER_RUNTIME_COMMAND = None\n            utils.get_runtime_command()\n        utils.CONTAINER_RUNTIME_COMMAND = utils.DOCKER\n        res = utils.get_runtime_command()\n        self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n\n    @mock.patch('skipper.utils.open', autospec=False)\n    @mock.patch('skipper.utils.os.makedirs', autospec=True)\n    @mock.patch('skipper.utils.os.path.exists', autospec=True)\n    def test_create_path_and_add_data(self, path_exists_mock, makedir_mock, open_mock):\n        test_dir = \"/home/test\"\n        test_file = os.path.join(test_dir, \"test_file.txt\")\n        path_exists_mock.return_value = False\n        utils.create_path_and_add_data(test_file, \"\", False)\n        makedir_mock.assert_called_once_with(test_dir)\n        open_mock.assert_not_called()\n\n        makedir_mock.reset_mock()\n        test_file = os.path.join(test_dir, \"test_file.txt\")\n        path_exists_mock.return_value = True\n        utils.create_path_and_add_data(test_file, \"\", False)\n        makedir_mock.assert_not_called()\n        open_mock.assert_not_called()\n\n        test_file = os.path.join(test_dir, \"test_file.txt\")\n        path_exists_mock.return_value = True\n        utils.create_path_and_add_data(test_file, \"\", True)\n        makedir_mock.assert_not_called()\n        open_mock.assert_called_once_with(test_file, \"w\")",
  "start_line": 1,
  "end_line": 51,
  "total_lines": 51,
  "is_truncated": false,
  "budget_warning": "Only 8 tool call(s) remaining (22/30 used). Finalize your edits and call submit_patch soon."
}

Turn 23at 272 s69 tokens out7,293 prompt tokens

Wait, `tests/test_utils.py` DOES NOT test `run_container_command`!

Let me double check if there are any other tests for `run_container_command`.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "grep -rn \"run_container_command\" tests/"
}

Result of run_command 240 characters

{
  "status": "error",
  "error_type": "CommandError",
  "error_message": "",
  "details": {
    "stdout": "",
    "stderr": "",
    "exit_code": 1
  },
  "budget_warning": "Only 7 tool call(s) remaining (23/30 used). Finalize your edits and call submit_patch soon."
}

Turn 24at 299 s415 tokens out7,452 prompt tokens

Okay, so `run_container_command` is NOT tested in `tests/`. That's surprising, but it makes it easier.

So for `run_container_command`, I can just use `text=True` or `.decode('utf-8')`. Since I want consistency and I already know that `get_hash`'s tests are problematic, I should use the same pattern or just use `text=True` for `run_container_command` if it's not tested.

Actually, if I use:
```python
def get_hash(short=True):
    # ...
    res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)
    if isinstance(res, bytes):
        res = res.decode('utf-8')
    return res.strip()
```
This will pass `tests/test_git.py` because when `check_output` returns a string (from the mock), it won't call `.decode()`. When it returns bytes (in real life), it will.

Let's apply this to `skipper/git.py`.

And for `skipper/utils.py`, I'll also use this pattern for consistency, even if it's not tested.

Wait, I should probably just use `.decode('utf-8')` and then if it fails in tests, I'll know. But I already saw it failed.

Let's try the `isinstance(res, bytes)` approach.

TOOL CALL · edit_file

{
  "filepath": "skipper/git.py",
  "new_string": "    res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)\n    if isinstance(res, bytes):\n        res = res.decode('utf-8')\n    return res.strip()",
  "old_string": "    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()"
}

Result of edit_file 695 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "skipper/git.py",
  "occurrences": 1,
  "strategy": "exact",
  "diff": "--- a/skipper/git.py\n+++ b/skipper/git.py\n@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@\n     if uncommitted_changes():\n         logging.warning(\"*** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\")\n \n-    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()\n+    res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)\n+    if isinstance(res, bytes):\n+        res = res.decode('utf-8')\n+    return res.strip()\n \n \n def uncommitted_changes():\n",
  "is_truncated": false,
  "budget_warning": "Only 6 tool call(s) remaining (24/30 used). Finalize your edits and call submit_patch soon."
}

Turn 25at 303 s102 tokens out8,111 prompt tokens

Now `skipper/utils.py`.

TOOL CALL · edit_file

{
  "filepath": "skipper/utils.py",
  "new_string": "    res = subprocess.check_output(cmd)\n    if isinstance(res, bytes):\n        res = res.decode('utf-8')\n    return res.strip()",
  "old_string": "    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()"
}

Result of edit_file 664 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "filepath": "skipper/utils.py",
  "occurrences": 1,
  "strategy": "exact",
  "diff": "--- a/skipper/utils.py\n+++ b/skipper/utils.py\n@@ -183,7 +183,10 @@\n def run_container_command(args):\n     cmd = [get_runtime_command()]\n     cmd.extend(args)\n-    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()\n+    res = subprocess.check_output(cmd)\n+    if isinstance(res, bytes):\n+        res = res.decode('utf-8')\n+    return res.strip()\n \n \n def create_path_and_add_data(full_path, data, is_file):\n",
  "is_truncated": false,
  "budget_warning": "Only 5 tool call(s) remaining (25/30 used). Finalize your edits and call submit_patch soon."
}

Turn 26at 306 s49 tokens out8,465 prompt tokens

Now let's run the tests.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "pytest tests/test_git.py tests/test_utils.py -q --tb=short --no-header"
}

Result of run_command 1,342 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": "......                                                                   [100%]\n=============================== warnings summary ===============================\nskipper/utils.py:12\n  /workspace/skipper/utils.py:12: UserWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html. The pkg_resources package is slated for removal as early as 2025-11-30. Refrain from using this package or pin to Setuptools<81.\n    import pkg_resources\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:16: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:20: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.PODMAN)\n\ntests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command\n  /workspace/tests/test_utils.py:27: DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.\n    self.assertEquals(res, utils.DOCKER)\n\n-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html\n6 passed, 4 warnings in 0.08s\n",
  "stderr": "",
  "exit_code": 0,
  "budget_warning": "Only 4 tool call(s) remaining (26/30 used). Finalize your edits and call submit_patch soon."
}

Turn 27at 309 s41 tokens out8,941 prompt tokens

The tests pass! Now let's verify the reproduction script one last time.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "python3 /tmp/repro.py"
}

Result of run_command 398 characters

{
  "status": "error",
  "error_type": "CommandError",
  "error_message": "python3: can't open file '/tmp/repro.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory\n",
  "details": {
    "stdout": "",
    "stderr": "python3: can't open file '/tmp/repro.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory\n",
    "exit_code": 2
  },
  "budget_warning": "Only 3 tool call(s) remaining (27/30 used). Finalize your edits and call submit_patch soon."
}

Turn 28at 332 s345 tokens out9,132 prompt tokens

Ah, I didn't create it in this session. Let me recreate it.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "python3 - <<'PY'\nfrom skipper import git\nfrom skipper import utils\nimport subprocess\nfrom unittest.mock import patch\n\ndef test_get_hash():\n    with patch('os.path.exists', return_value=True):\n        with patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=b'mocked_hash\\n'):\n            res = git.get_hash()\n            print(f\"get_hash output: {res!r} (type: {type(res)})\")\n            assert res == 'mocked_hash'\n            assert isinstance(res, str)\n\ndef test_run_container_command():\n    with patch('skipper.utils.get_runtime_command', return_value='docker'):\n        with patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=b'mocked_output\\n'):\n            res = utils.run_container_command(['ps'])\n            print(f\"run_container_command output: {res!r} (type: {type(res)})\")\n            assert res == 'mocked_output'\n            assert isinstance(res, str)\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    try:\n        test_get_hash()\n        test_run_container_command()\n        print(\"All tests passed!\")\n    except Exception as e:\n        print(f\"Test failed: {e}\")\n        raise\nPY\n"
}

Result of run_command 708 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": "get_hash output: 'mocked_hash' (type: <class 'str'>)\nrun_container_command output: 'mocked_output' (type: <class 'str'>)\nAll tests passed!\n",
  "stderr": "/workspace/skipper/utils.py:12: UserWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html. The pkg_resources package is slated for removal as early as 2025-11-30. Refrain from using this package or pin to Setuptools<81.\n  import pkg_resources\nWARNING:root:*** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\n",
  "exit_code": 0,
  "budget_warning": "Only 2 tool call(s) remaining (28/30 used). Finalize your edits and call submit_patch soon."
}

Turn 29at 336 s41 tokens out9,712 prompt tokens

Everything looks good. Now I'll check `git status --short && git diff`.

TOOL CALL · run_command

{
  "command": "git status --short && git diff"
}

Result of run_command 1,292 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "stdout": " M skipper/git.py\n M skipper/utils.py\ndiff --git a/skipper/git.py b/skipper/git.py\nindex daa02c6..99550f3 100644\n--- a/skipper/git.py\n+++ b/skipper/git.py\n@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ def get_hash(short=False):\n     if uncommitted_changes():\n         logging.warning(\"*** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***\")\n \n-    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()\n+    res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)\n+    if isinstance(res, bytes):\n+        res = res.decode('utf-8')\n+    return res.strip()\n \n \n def uncommitted_changes():\ndiff --git a/skipper/utils.py b/skipper/utils.py\nindex dc0bbcf..a461f80 100644\n--- a/skipper/utils.py\n+++ b/skipper/utils.py\n@@ -183,7 +183,10 @@ def get_extra_file(filename):\n def run_container_command(args):\n     cmd = [get_runtime_command()]\n     cmd.extend(args)\n-    return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())\n+    res = subprocess.check_output(cmd)\n+    if isinstance(res, bytes):\n+        res = res.decode('utf-8')\n+    return res.strip()\n \n \n def create_path_and_add_data(full_path, data, is_file):\n",
  "stderr": "",
  "exit_code": 0,
  "budget_warning": "Only 1 tool call(s) remaining (29/30 used). Finalize your edits and call submit_patch soon."
}

Turn 30at 355 s360 tokens out10,248 prompt tokens

One thing I noticed in the diff is that `get_hash` was:
`-    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()`
Actually, wait.

In the first `edit_file` of this turn, I had:
`old_string: "    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()"`
`new_string: "    res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)\n    if isinstance(res, bytes):\n        res = res.decode('utf-8')\n    return res.strip()"`

And in `skipper/utils.py`:
`old_string: "    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()"`

Wait, the `git diff` shows:
`-    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()`
and
`-    return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())`

This means I've edited them multiple times. Let me just make sure the final state is correct.

The `git diff` shows the final state is:
```python
    res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)
    if isinstance(res, bytes):
        res = res.decode('utf-8')
    return res.strip()
```
and
```python
    res = subprocess.check_output(cmd)
    if isinstance(res, bytes):
        res = res.decode('utf-8')
    return res.strip()
```
This is exactly what I want.

TOOL CALL · submit_patch

Result of submit_patch 56 characters

{
  "status": "ok",
  "patch_size": 1045,
  "files_changed": 2
}

Turn 31at 363 s84 tokens out10,648 prompt tokens

All done.

Turn 32at 363 s

The `TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str` was caused by `subprocess.check_output()` returning bytes in Python 3. I updated `skipper/git.py` and `skipper/utils.py` to explicitly decode these bytes to strings, using a check to ensure compatibility with existing unit tests that mock the return value as a string.

Model calls (not matched to turns)

Generated tokens 167 tokens · stopped: STOP

The user is reporting a `TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str` when running `skipper build`.
The traceback points to `/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/skipper/cli.py`, line 117, in `build`:
`fqdn_image = image + ':' + tag`

This indicates that either `image` or `tag` (or both) is of type `bytes` instead of `str`.

Let's start by examining `skipper/cli.py` around line 117.

<|channel>thought The user is reporting a `TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str` when running `skipper build`. The traceback points to `/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/skipper/cli.py`, line 117, in `build`: `fqdn_image = image + ':' + tag` This indicates that either `image` or `tag` (or both) is of type `bytes` instead of `str`. Let's start by examining `skipper/cli.py` around line 117.<channel|><|tool_call>call:read_file{filepath:<|"|>skipper/cli.py<|"|>,start_line:100,end_line:130}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 76 tokens · stopped: STOP

The line is `fqdn_image = image + ':' + tag`.
`tag = git.get_hash()` is called right before the loop.
Let's check `skipper/git.py` to see what `get_hash()` returns.

The line is `fqdn_image = image + ':' + tag`. `tag = git.get_hash()` is called right before the loop. Let's check `skipper/git.py` to see what `get_hash()` returns.<channel|><|tool_call>call:read_file{filepath:<|"|>skipper/git.py<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 217 tokens · stopped: STOP

In `skipper/git.py`, `get_hash()` uses `subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()`.
`subprocess.check_output` returns `bytes` in Python 3.
This is the cause of the problem. `tag` will be `bytes`, and trying to concatenate it with `image` (which is likely a `str`) will cause the `TypeError`.

To fix this, `subprocess.check_output` should be told to return a string, or the output should be decoded. The easiest way is to add `text=True` (Python 3.7+) or use `.decode('utf-8')`. Since the environment uses Python 3.9 (based on the traceback), `text=True` or `universal_newlines=True` will work.

Wait, let me check if there are other places where `get_hash` is used.

In `skipper/git.py`, `get_hash()` uses `subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()`. `subprocess.check_output` returns `bytes` in Python 3. This is the cause of the problem. `tag` will be `bytes`, and trying to concatenate it with `image` (which is likely a `str`) will cause the `TypeError`. To fix this, `subprocess.check_output` should be told to return a string, or the output should be decoded. The easiest way is to add `text=True` (Python 3.7+) or use `.decode('utf-8')`. Since the environment uses Python 3.9 (based on the traceback), `text=True` or `universal_newlines=True` will work. Wait, let me check if there are other places where `get_hash` is used. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>grep -rn "get_hash" .<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 84 tokens · stopped: STOP

It seems `git.get_hash()` is used in several places in `cli.py`.

Let's create a reproduction script to confirm the bug.
Since I don't have a git repository in `/workspace` (wait, is there one?), I should check if `.git` exists.

It seems `git.get_hash()` is used in several places in `cli.py`. Let's create a reproduction script to confirm the bug. Since I don't have a git repository in `/workspace` (wait, is there one?), I should check if `.git` exists. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>ls -d .git<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 88 tokens · stopped: STOP

Yes, there is a `.git` directory. I can try to call `get_hash()` and see what it returns.

Yes, there is a `.git` directory. I can try to call `get_hash()` and see what it returns. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>python3 - <<'PY' from skipper import git hash = git.get_hash() print(f"Type: {type(hash)}") print(f"Value: {hash}") PY <|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 104 tokens · stopped: STOP

Confirmed. `get_hash()` returns `bytes`.

Now let's fix it in `skipper/git.py`. I'll use `universal_newlines=True` for compatibility across Python 3 versions (it's an alias for `text=True`).

Wait, let me double check if `subprocess.check_output` is used anywhere else.

Confirmed. `get_hash()` returns `bytes`. Now let's fix it in `skipper/git.py`. I'll use `universal_newlines=True` for compatibility across Python 3 versions (it's an alias for `text=True`). Wait, let me double check if `subprocess.check_output` is used anywhere else. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>grep -rn "subprocess.check_output" .<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 114 tokens · stopped: STOP

In `skipper/utils.py:186`, `subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip()` is wrapped in `str()`.
Wait, `str(b'abc')` in Python 3 returns the string `"b'abc'"` which is probably NOT what is desired.

Let's check `skipper/utils.py`.

In `skipper/utils.py:186`, `subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip()` is wrapped in `str()`. Wait, `str(b'abc')` in Python 3 returns the string `"b'abc'"` which is probably NOT what is desired. Let's check `skipper/utils.py`. <channel|><|tool_call>call:read_file{end_line:190,filepath:<|"|>skipper/utils.py<|"|>,start_line:180}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 89 tokens · stopped: STOP

Indeed, `run_container_command` does `return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())`.
This is almost certainly a bug if it's intended to return the content of the command output.

Let's see if `run_container_command` is used.

Indeed, `run_container_command` does `return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())`. This is almost certainly a bug if it's intended to return the content of the command output. Let's see if `run_container_command` is used. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>grep -rn "run_container_command" .<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 63 tokens · stopped: STOP

It's used in several places. Let's check how `output` is used in `skipper/utils.py`.

It's used in several places. Let's check how `output` is used in `skipper/utils.py`. <channel|><|tool_call>call:read_file{end_line:85,filepath:<|"|>skipper/utils.py<|"|>,start_line:40}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 270 tokens · stopped: STOP

In `get_local_images_info`:
```python
        output = run_container_command(command + [image])
        if output == '':
            continue
        image_info = [json.loads(record) for record in output.splitlines()]
```
If `run_container_command` returns `str(bytes)`, then `output` will be something like `"b'[{\"name\": \"...\", \"tag\": \"...\"}]'"`. `json.loads` will fail if it's not a valid JSON string (which it isn't, because of the `b'` prefix).

Wait, if it's wrapped in `str()`, it becomes a string. But it's the string representation of the bytes object.

Let's test this behavior.

In `get_local_images_info`: ```python output = run_container_command(command + [image]) if output == '': continue image_info = [json.loads(record) for record in output.splitlines()] ``` If `run_container_command` returns `str(bytes)`, then `output` will be something like `"b'[{\"name\": \"...\", \"tag\": \"...\"}]'"`. `json.loads` will fail if it's not a valid JSON string (which it isn't, because of the `b'` prefix). Wait, if it's wrapped in `str()`, it becomes a string. But it's the string representation of the bytes object. Let's test this behavior. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>python3 - <<'PY' import json b = b'{"name": "my_image", "tag": "1234567"}' s = str(b) print(f"s: {s}") try: json.loads(s) except Exception as e: print(f"Error: {e}") PY <|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 460 tokens · stopped: STOP

Confirmed. `str(bytes)` is not what's wanted. It should be `.decode('utf-8')`.

So I should fix `get_hash` in `skipper/git.py` AND `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py`.

Let's refine the fix for `get_hash` in `skipper/git.py`.
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()
```
should become
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(git_command, text=True).strip()
```
or
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()
```

And `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py`:
```python
    return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())
```
should become
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(cmd, text=True).strip()
```
or
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()
```

I'll use `text=True` since it's available in Python 3.7+.

Let's check if any other `subprocess.check_output` exists without `text=True` or `.decode()`.

I already ran `grep -rn "subprocess.check_output" .`.
Many are in tests and they are mocked.
One is in `skipper/utils.py` (already found) and one in `skipper/git.py` (already found).

Wait, let me check `skipper/runner.py` if it's used there.
`grep` results showed `subprocess.check_output` in `tests/test_runner.py` but not in `skipper/runner.py`.

Let's check `skipper/runner.py` just in case I missed something.

Confirmed. `str(bytes)` is not what's wanted. It should be `.decode('utf-8')`. So I should fix `get_hash` in `skipper/git.py` AND `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py`. Let's refine the fix for `get_hash` in `skipper/git.py`. ```python return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip() ``` should become ```python return subprocess.check_output(git_command, text=True).strip() ``` or ```python return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip() ``` And `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py`: ```python return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip()) ``` should become ```python return subprocess.check_output(cmd, text=True).strip() ``` or ```python return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip() ``` I'll use `text=True` since it's available in Python 3.7+. Let's check if any other `subprocess.check_output` exists without `text=True` or `.decode()`. I already ran `grep -rn "subprocess.check_output" .`. Many are in tests and they are mocked. One is in `skipper/utils.py` (already found) and one in `skipper/git.py` (already found). Wait, let me check `skipper/runner.py` if it's used there. `grep` results showed `subprocess.check_output` in `tests/test_runner.py` but not in `skipper/runner.py`. Let's check `skipper/runner.py` just in case I missed something. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>grep -rn "subprocess.check_output" skipper/runner.py<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 150 tokens · stopped: STOP

Okay, it's not in `skipper/runner.py`.

Wait, what about other `subprocess` calls?
`subprocess.call` is used in `uncommitted_changes` in `skipper/git.py`. That one returns an exit code, so it's fine.

Let's verify the fix.

First fix `skipper/git.py`.

Okay, it's not in `skipper/runner.py`. Wait, what about other `subprocess` calls? `subprocess.call` is used in `uncommitted_changes` in `skipper/git.py`. That one returns an exit code, so it's fine. Let's verify the fix. First fix `skipper/git.py`. <channel|><|tool_call>call:edit_file{filepath:<|"|>skipper/git.py<|"|>,new_string:<|"|> return subprocess.check_output(git_command, text=True).strip()<|"|>,old_string:<|"|> return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 76 tokens · stopped: STOP

Now fix `skipper/utils.py`.

Now fix `skipper/utils.py`. <channel|><|tool_call>call:edit_file{filepath:<|"|>skipper/utils.py<|"|>,new_string:<|"|> return subprocess.check_output(cmd, text=True).strip()<|"|>,old_string:<|"|> return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 76 tokens · stopped: STOP

Now let's verify `get_hash()` returns a string.

Now let's verify `get_hash()` returns a string. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>python3 - <<'PY' from skipper import git hash = git.get_hash() print(f"Type: {type(hash)}") print(f"Value: {hash}") PY <|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 134 tokens · stopped: STOP

Now let's verify that `run_container_command` returns a string.
I'll mock `get_runtime_command` and run a simple command.

Now let's verify that `run_container_command` returns a string. I'll mock `get_runtime_command` and run a simple command.<channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>python3 - <<'PY' from skipper import utils import subprocess from unittest.mock import patch with patch('skipper.utils.get_runtime_command', return_value='echo'): output = utils.run_container_command(['hello']) print(f"Type: {type(output)}") print(f"Value: {output}") PY <|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 94 tokens · stopped: STOP

Both are now returning strings.

Now I should run the tests to make sure I didn't break anything.
I'll run `tests/test_git.py` and `tests/test_utils.py` (if it exists) or other relevant tests.

First let's see if `tests/test_utils.py` exists.

Both are now returning strings. Now I should run the tests to make sure I didn't break anything. I'll run `tests/test_git.py` and `tests/test_utils.py` (if it exists) or other relevant tests. First let's see if `tests/test_utils.py` exists. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>ls tests/<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 64 tokens · stopped: STOP

Let's run `tests/test_git.py` and `tests/test_utils.py`.

Let's run `tests/test_git.py` and `tests/test_utils.py`. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>pytest tests/test_git.py tests/test_utils.py -q --tb=short --no-header<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 343 tokens · stopped: STOP

The tests in `tests/test_git.py` failed because they were asserting that `subprocess.check_output` was called WITHOUT `text=True`. Since the instructions say that "Every part of your fix MUST reside in non-test production source files", I cannot edit the tests.

This means I should not use `text=True` if it breaks existing tests, OR I should find a way to return a string without changing the arguments passed to `subprocess.check_output`.

I can use `.decode('utf-8')` instead of `text=True`. This way the call to `check_output` remains the same, and I just process the result.

Let me try that.

First, revert `skipper/git.py` and `skipper/utils.py` to use `.decode('utf-8')`.

Wait, `get_hash()` in `skipper/git.py`:
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()
```

And `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py`:
```python
    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()
```

Let's try this.

The tests in `tests/test_git.py` failed because they were asserting that `subprocess.check_output` was called WITHOUT `text=True`. Since the instructions say that "Every part of your fix MUST reside in non-test production source files", I cannot edit the tests. This means I should not use `text=True` if it breaks existing tests, OR I should find a way to return a string without changing the arguments passed to `subprocess.check_output`. I can use `.decode('utf-8')` instead of `text=True`. This way the call to `check_output` remains the same, and I just process the result. Let me try that. First, revert `skipper/git.py` and `skipper/utils.py` to use `.decode('utf-8')`. Wait, `get_hash()` in `skipper/git.py`: ```python return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip() ``` And `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py`: ```python return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip() ``` Let's try this.<channel|><|tool_call>call:edit_file{filepath:<|"|>skipper/git.py<|"|>,new_string:<|"|> return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()<|"|>,old_string:<|"|> return subprocess.check_output(git_command, text=True).strip()<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 79 tokens · stopped: STOP

Now `skipper/utils.py`.

Now `skipper/utils.py`. <channel|><|tool_call>call:edit_file{filepath:<|"|>skipper/utils.py<|"|>,new_string:<|"|> return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()<|"|>,old_string:<|"|> return subprocess.check_output(cmd, text=True).strip()<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 50 tokens · stopped: STOP

Now let's run the tests again.

Now let's run the tests again. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>pytest tests/test_git.py tests/test_utils.py -q --tb=short --no-header<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 155 tokens · stopped: STOP

Ah, the tests are mocking `subprocess.check_output` to return a `str`!

```python
    with patch('subprocess.check_output') as mocked_check_output:
        mocked_check_output.return_value = b'mocked_hash'
```
Wait, looking at the failure: `AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'. Did you mean: 'encode'?`

This means in the tests, `subprocess.check_output` is returning a `str`, not `bytes`.

Let me check `tests/test_git.py` again.

Ah, the tests are mocking `subprocess.check_output` to return a `str`! ```python with patch('subprocess.check_output') as mocked_check_output: mocked_check_output.return_value = b'mocked_hash' ``` Wait, looking at the failure: `AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'. Did you mean: 'encode'?` This means in the tests, `subprocess.check_output` is returning a `str`, not `bytes`. Let me check `tests/test_git.py` again. <channel|><|tool_call>call:read_file{filepath:<|"|>tests/test_git.py<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 467 tokens · stopped: STOP

Yes, `test_get_hash_with_default_argument` uses `@mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=GIT_HASH_FULL)`, where `GIT_HASH_FULL` is a `str`.

This is a problem because in reality `subprocess.check_output` returns `bytes` (in Python 3). The tests are using strings.

If I use `.decode('utf-8')`, it fails when the mock returns a string.
If I use `text=True`, it fails because the mock expects the function to be called without `text=True` (and the mock return value is a string).

Actually, the `test_get_hash_with_default_argument` test does:
`check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])`
If I use `text=True`, this assertion fails because the call was actually `subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'], text=True)`.

Wait, the original issue was exactly this: `TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str`. This means `get_hash()` was returning `bytes`.

If I want to fix the bug AND pass the tests (without changing the tests), I need a way to handle both cases:
1. If the result is bytes, decode it.
2. If the result is already a string (as in the tests), use it.

I can use:
```python
res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)
if isinstance(res, bytes):
    res = res.decode('utf-8')
return res.strip()
```

But that's a bit wordy. Maybe:
```python
res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)
return (res.decode('utf-8') if isinstance(res, bytes) else res).strip()
```

Let's check `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py` too.

Yes, `test_get_hash_with_default_argument` uses `@mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=GIT_HASH_FULL)`, where `GIT_HASH_FULL` is a `str`. This is a problem because in reality `subprocess.check_output` returns `bytes` (in Python 3). The tests are using strings. If I use `.decode('utf-8')`, it fails when the mock returns a string. If I use `text=True`, it fails because the mock expects the function to be called without `text=True` (and the mock return value is a string). Actually, the `test_get_hash_with_default_argument` test does: `check_output_mock.assert_called_once_with(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'])` If I use `text=True`, this assertion fails because the call was actually `subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'], text=True)`. Wait, the original issue was exactly this: `TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str`. This means `get_hash()` was returning `bytes`. If I want to fix the bug AND pass the tests (without changing the tests), I need a way to handle both cases: 1. If the result is bytes, decode it. 2. If the result is already a string (as in the tests), use it. I can use: ```python res = subprocess.check_output(git_command) if isinstance(res, bytes): res = res.decode('utf-8') return res.strip() ``` But that's a bit wordy. Maybe: ```python res = subprocess.check_output(git_command) return (res.decode('utf-8') if isinstance(res, bytes) else res).strip() ``` Let's check `run_container_command` in `skipper/utils.py` too. <channel|><|tool_call>call:read_file{filepath:<|"|>tests/test_utils.py<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 69 tokens · stopped: STOP

Wait, `tests/test_utils.py` DOES NOT test `run_container_command`!

Let me double check if there are any other tests for `run_container_command`.

Wait, `tests/test_utils.py` DOES NOT test `run_container_command`! Let me double check if there are any other tests for `run_container_command`. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>grep -rn "run_container_command" tests/<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 415 tokens · stopped: STOP

Okay, so `run_container_command` is NOT tested in `tests/`. That's surprising, but it makes it easier.

So for `run_container_command`, I can just use `text=True` or `.decode('utf-8')`. Since I want consistency and I already know that `get_hash`'s tests are problematic, I should use the same pattern or just use `text=True` for `run_container_command` if it's not tested.

Actually, if I use:
```python
def get_hash(short=True):
    # ...
    res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)
    if isinstance(res, bytes):
        res = res.decode('utf-8')
    return res.strip()
```
This will pass `tests/test_git.py` because when `check_output` returns a string (from the mock), it won't call `.decode()`. When it returns bytes (in real life), it will.

Let's apply this to `skipper/git.py`.

And for `skipper/utils.py`, I'll also use this pattern for consistency, even if it's not tested.

Wait, I should probably just use `.decode('utf-8')` and then if it fails in tests, I'll know. But I already saw it failed.

Let's try the `isinstance(res, bytes)` approach.

Okay, so `run_container_command` is NOT tested in `tests/`. That's surprising, but it makes it easier. So for `run_container_command`, I can just use `text=True` or `.decode('utf-8')`. Since I want consistency and I already know that `get_hash`'s tests are problematic, I should use the same pattern or just use `text=True` for `run_container_command` if it's not tested. Actually, if I use: ```python def get_hash(short=True): # ... res = subprocess.check_output(git_command) if isinstance(res, bytes): res = res.decode('utf-8') return res.strip() ``` This will pass `tests/test_git.py` because when `check_output` returns a string (from the mock), it won't call `.decode()`. When it returns bytes (in real life), it will. Let's apply this to `skipper/git.py`. And for `skipper/utils.py`, I'll also use this pattern for consistency, even if it's not tested. Wait, I should probably just use `.decode('utf-8')` and then if it fails in tests, I'll know. But I already saw it failed. Let's try the `isinstance(res, bytes)` approach.<channel|><|tool_call>call:edit_file{filepath:<|"|>skipper/git.py<|"|>,new_string:<|"|> res = subprocess.check_output(git_command) if isinstance(res, bytes): res = res.decode('utf-8') return res.strip()<|"|>,old_string:<|"|> return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 102 tokens · stopped: STOP

Now `skipper/utils.py`.

Now `skipper/utils.py`. <channel|><|tool_call>call:edit_file{filepath:<|"|>skipper/utils.py<|"|>,new_string:<|"|> res = subprocess.check_output(cmd) if isinstance(res, bytes): res = res.decode('utf-8') return res.strip()<|"|>,old_string:<|"|> return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 49 tokens · stopped: STOP

Now let's run the tests.

Now let's run the tests. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>pytest tests/test_git.py tests/test_utils.py -q --tb=short --no-header<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 41 tokens · stopped: STOP

The tests pass! Now let's verify the reproduction script one last time.

The tests pass! Now let's verify the reproduction script one last time. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>python3 /tmp/repro.py<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 345 tokens · stopped: STOP

Ah, I didn't create it in this session. Let me recreate it.

Ah, I didn't create it in this session. Let me recreate it. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>python3 - <<'PY' from skipper import git from skipper import utils import subprocess from unittest.mock import patch def test_get_hash(): with patch('os.path.exists', return_value=True): with patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=b'mocked_hash\n'): res = git.get_hash() print(f"get_hash output: {res!r} (type: {type(res)})") assert res == 'mocked_hash' assert isinstance(res, str) def test_run_container_command(): with patch('skipper.utils.get_runtime_command', return_value='docker'): with patch('subprocess.check_output', return_value=b'mocked_output\n'): res = utils.run_container_command(['ps']) print(f"run_container_command output: {res!r} (type: {type(res)})") assert res == 'mocked_output' assert isinstance(res, str) if __name__ == "__main__": try: test_get_hash() test_run_container_command() print("All tests passed!") except Exception as e: print(f"Test failed: {e}") raise PY <|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 41 tokens · stopped: STOP

Everything looks good. Now I'll check `git status --short && git diff`.

Everything looks good. Now I'll check `git status --short && git diff`. <channel|><|tool_call>call:run_command{command:<|"|>git status --short && git diff<|"|>}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Generated tokens 360 tokens · stopped: STOP

One thing I noticed in the diff is that `get_hash` was:
`-    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()`
Actually, wait.

In the first `edit_file` of this turn, I had:
`old_string: "    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()"`
`new_string: "    res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)\n    if isinstance(res, bytes):\n        res = res.decode('utf-8')\n    return res.strip()"`

And in `skipper/utils.py`:
`old_string: "    return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()"`

Wait, the `git diff` shows:
`-    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()`
and
`-    return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())`

This means I've edited them multiple times. Let me just make sure the final state is correct.

The `git diff` shows the final state is:
```python
    res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)
    if isinstance(res, bytes):
        res = res.decode('utf-8')
    return res.strip()
```
and
```python
    res = subprocess.check_output(cmd)
    if isinstance(res, bytes):
        res = res.decode('utf-8')
    return res.strip()
```
This is exactly what I want.

One thing I noticed in the diff is that `get_hash` was: `- return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()` Actually, wait. In the first `edit_file` of this turn, I had: `old_string: " return subprocess.check_output(git_command).decode('utf-8').strip()"` `new_string: " res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)\n if isinstance(res, bytes):\n res = res.decode('utf-8')\n return res.strip()"` And in `skipper/utils.py`: `old_string: " return subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode('utf-8').strip()"` Wait, the `git diff` shows: `- return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()` and `- return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())` This means I've edited them multiple times. Let me just make sure the final state is correct. The `git diff` shows the final state is: ```python res = subprocess.check_output(git_command) if isinstance(res, bytes): res = res.decode('utf-8') return res.strip() ``` and ```python res = subprocess.check_output(cmd) if isinstance(res, bytes): res = res.decode('utf-8') return res.strip() ``` This is exactly what I want. <channel|><|tool_call>call:submit_patch{}<tool_call|><|tool_response>

Patch, tests and logs

Final code change Included

diff --git a/skipper/git.py b/skipper/git.py
index daa02c6..99550f3 100644
--- a/skipper/git.py
+++ b/skipper/git.py
@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ def get_hash(short=False):
     if uncommitted_changes():
         logging.warning("*** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***")
 
-    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()
+    res = subprocess.check_output(git_command)
+    if isinstance(res, bytes):
+        res = res.decode('utf-8')
+    return res.strip()
 
 
 def uncommitted_changes():
diff --git a/skipper/utils.py b/skipper/utils.py
index dc0bbcf..a461f80 100644
--- a/skipper/utils.py
+++ b/skipper/utils.py
@@ -183,7 +183,10 @@ def get_extra_file(filename):
 def run_container_command(args):
     cmd = [get_runtime_command()]
     cmd.extend(args)
-    return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())
+    res = subprocess.check_output(cmd)
+    if isinstance(res, bytes):
+        res = res.decode('utf-8')
+    return res.strip()
 
 
 def create_path_and_add_data(full_path, data, is_file):

Test output Included

============================= test session starts ==============================
collected 100 items

tests/test_cli.py ...................................................... [ 54%]
.....................                                                    [ 75%]
tests/test_git.py ....                                                   [ 79%]
tests/test_runner.py ............                                        [ 91%]
tests/test_runner_podman.py .......                                      [ 98%]
tests/test_utils.py ..                                                   [100%]

=============================== warnings summary ===============================
skipper/cli.py:12
  /testbed/skipper/cli.py:12: UserWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html. The pkg_resources package is slated for removal as early as 2025-11-30. Refrain from using this package or pin to Setuptools<81.
    from pkg_resources import get_distribution

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
==================================== PASSES ====================================
________________________ TestCLI.test_build_all_images _________________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:111 Building image: image1
INFO     skipper:cli.py:111 Building image: image2
______________________ TestCLI.test_build_existing_image _______________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:111 Building image: image1
________________ TestCLI.test_build_existing_image_with_context ________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:111 Building image: image1
______________________ TestCLI.test_build_multiple_images ______________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:111 Building image: image1
INFO     skipper:cli.py:111 Building image: image2
____________ TestCLI.test_build_multiple_images_with_invalid_image _____________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
WARNING  skipper:cli.py:105 Image image2 is not valid for this project! Skipping...
INFO     skipper:cli.py:111 Building image: image1
ERROR    skipper:cli.py:133 Failed to build image: image1
_______ TestCLI.test_build_multiple_images_with_non_existing_dockerfile ________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:111 Building image: image1
ERROR    skipper:cli.py:133 Failed to build image: image1
_______________ TestCLI.test_build_with_context_from_config_file _______________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:111 Building image: image1
______________ TestCLI.test_build_with_defaults_from_config_file _______________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:111 Building image: image1
____ TestCLI.test_build_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_containers ____
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:111 Building image: image1
_____________________ TestCLI.test_images_with_all_results _____________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:211 Expected images: my_image
_______ TestCLI.test_images_with_local_result_and_missing_remote_results _______
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:211 Expected images: my_image
_______________ TestCLI.test_images_with_missing_remote_results ________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:211 Expected images: my_image
_______________ TestCLI.test_images_with_multiple_local_results ________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:211 Expected images: image1, image2
_________________ TestCLI.test_images_with_remote_results_only _________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:211 Expected images: my_image
________________ TestCLI.test_images_with_single_local_results _________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:211 Expected images: my_image
__________________ TestCLI.test_images_with_with_remote_error __________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:211 Expected images: my_image
__________________ TestCLI.test_images_without_local_results ___________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:211 Expected images: my_image
______________________________ TestCLI.test_make _______________________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
________________ TestCLI.test_make_with_additional_make_params _________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
____________________ TestCLI.test_make_with_default_params _____________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
_______________ TestCLI.test_make_with_defaults_from_config_file _______________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
________________ TestCLI.test_make_without_build_container_tag _________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:415 No build container tag was provided
INFO     skipper:cli.py:421 Building image using docker file: Dockerfile.build-container-image
__________ TestCLI.test_make_without_build_container_tag_with_context __________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:415 No build container tag was provided
WARNING  skipper:utils.py:148 Found more than one dockerfile for build-container-image. Using Dockerfile.build-container-image
INFO     skipper:cli.py:421 Building image using docker file: Dockerfile.build-container-image
____________________ TestCLI.test_push_already_in_registry _____________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:184 Image registry.io:5000/my_image:1234567 is already in registry registry.io:5000, not pushing
____________________________ TestCLI.test_push_fail ____________________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
ERROR    skipper:cli.py:376 Failed to push image: registry.io:5000/my_image:1234567
__________________________ TestCLI.test_push_rmi_fail __________________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
WARNING  skipper:cli.py:196 Failed to remove image tag: registry.io:5000/my_image:1234567
__________________________ TestCLI.test_push_tag_fail __________________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
ERROR    skipper:cli.py:176 Failed to tag image: my_image:1234567 as fqdn: registry.io:5000/my_image:1234567
________________ TestCLI.test_run_interactive_from_environment _________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
_______________________ TestCLI.test_run_non_interactive _______________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
______________ TestCLI.test_run_non_interactive_from_environment _______________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
_ TestCLI.test_run_with_config_including_git_revision_with_uncommitted_changes _
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
WARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:1234567
_ TestCLI.test_run_with_config_including_git_revision_without_uncommitted_changes _
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:1234567
___________ TestCLI.test_run_with_defaults_and_env_from_config_file ____________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
_____________ TestCLI.test_run_with_defaults_and_env_from_env_file _____________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
________ TestCLI.test_run_with_defaults_and_env_from_multiple_env_file _________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
_______________ TestCLI.test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file ________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
_ TestCLI.test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_interpolated_volumes _
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
_ TestCLI.test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_invalid_interploated_volumes_interpolated _
----------------------------- Captured stderr call -----------------------------
/bin/sh: 1: bla: not found
______ TestCLI.test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_volumes _______
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
______ TestCLI.test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_workdir _______
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
_____ TestCLI.test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_workspace ______
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
__________________________ TestCLI.test_run_with_env ___________________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
________________________ TestCLI.test_run_with_env_list ________________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
_________________ TestCLI.test_run_with_env_list_get_from_env __________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
_______________ TestCLI.test_run_with_env_overriding_config_file _______________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
_____________________ TestCLI.test_run_with_env_wrong_type _____________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: skipper-conf-build-container-image:skipper-conf-build-container-tag
_____________ TestCLI.test_run_with_existing_local_build_container _____________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
____________ TestCLI.test_run_with_existing_remote_build_container _____________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:407 Using build container: registry.io:5000/build-container-image:build-container-tag
____________________ TestCLI.test_run_with_non_default_net _____________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
_________________ TestCLI.test_run_with_publish_multiple_ports _________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
___________________ TestCLI.test_run_with_publish_port_range ___________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
__________________ TestCLI.test_run_with_publish_single_port ___________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
_________________ TestCLI.test_run_without_build_container_tag _________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:415 No build container tag was provided
INFO     skipper:cli.py:421 Building image using docker file: Dockerfile.build-container-image
_____________ TestCLI.test_run_without_build_container_tag_cached ______________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:415 No build container tag was provided
INFO     skipper:cli.py:421 Building image using docker file: Dockerfile.build-container-image
______________________________ TestCLI.test_shell ______________________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
INFO     skipper:cli.py:402 Using build container: build-container-image:build-container-tag
__________________________ TestGit.test_get_full_hash __________________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
WARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***
_________________ TestGit.test_get_hash_with_default_argument __________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
WARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***
_________________________ TestGit.test_get_short_hash __________________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
WARNING  root:git.py:17 *** Uncommitted changes present - Build container version might be outdated ***
_______________________ TestGit.test_not_in_git_project ________________________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
WARNING  root:git.py:8 *** Not working in a git repository ***
__________ TestRunnerPodman.test_run_non_existent_unauthorized_volume __________
------------------------------ Captured log call -------------------------------
WARNING  root:runner.py:177 Mount source /usr/bin/nonexistentbinary doesn't exist and it couldn't be created by skipper, this will cause Podman to fail, ignoring volume mount /usr/bin/nonexistentbinary:/usr/bin/nonexistentbinary to prevent podman failure
- generated xml file: /tmp/rebench-grade-74a03c1686c94c39a6ef8dc62bb74d87.xml --
=========================== short test summary info ============================
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_build_all_images
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_build_existing_image
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_build_existing_image_with_context
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_build_multiple_images
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_build_multiple_images_with_invalid_image
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_build_multiple_images_with_non_existing_dockerfile
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_build_non_existing_image
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_build_with_context_from_config_file
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_build_with_defaults_from_config_file
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_build_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_containers
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_cli_help
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_cli_without_params
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_images_with_all_results
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_images_with_local_result_and_missing_remote_results
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_images_with_missing_remote_results
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_images_with_multiple_local_results
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_images_with_remote_results_only
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_images_with_single_local_results
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_images_with_with_remote_error
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_images_without_local_results
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_make
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_make_with_additional_make_params
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_make_with_default_params
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_make_with_defaults_from_config_file
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_make_without_build_container_tag
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_make_without_build_container_tag_with_context
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_push
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_push_already_in_registry
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_push_already_in_registry_with_force
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_push_fail
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_push_rmi_fail
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_push_tag_fail
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_push_to_namespace
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_push_with_defaults_from_config_file
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_rmi_local
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_rmi_remote
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_rmi_remote_fail
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_interactive_from_environment
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_non_interactive
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_non_interactive_from_environment
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_config_including_git_revision_with_uncommitted_changes
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_config_including_git_revision_without_uncommitted_changes
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_defaults_and_env_from_config_file
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_defaults_and_env_from_env_file
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_defaults_and_env_from_multiple_env_file
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_interpolated_volumes
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_invalid_interploated_volumes_interpolated
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_volumes
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_workdir
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_workspace
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_env
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_env_list
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_env_list_get_from_env
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_env_overriding_config_file
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_env_wrong_type
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_existing_local_build_container
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_existing_remote_build_container
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_invalid_port_range
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_non_default_net
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_non_existing_build_container
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_publish_multiple_ports
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_publish_out_of_range_port
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_publish_port_range
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_publish_single_port
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_publish_textual_port
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_with_publish_textual_port_range
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_without_build_container_tag
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_run_without_build_container_tag_cached
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_shell
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_subcommand_help
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_subcommand_without_global_params
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_subcommand_without_subcommand_params
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_validate_project_image
PASSED tests/test_cli.py::TestCLI::test_version
PASSED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_full_hash
PASSED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_hash_with_default_argument
PASSED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_get_short_hash
PASSED tests/test_git.py::TestGit::test_not_in_git_project
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_handle_volumes_bind_mount_with_bad_volume_mount
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_run_complex_command_nested
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_run_complex_command_nested_with_env
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_run_complex_command_nested_with_special_case_verification
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_run_complex_command_not_nested
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_run_simple_command_nested_interactive
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_run_simple_command_nested_network_exist
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_run_simple_command_nested_network_not_exist
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_run_simple_command_nested_with_env
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_run_simple_command_nested_with_env_file
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_run_simple_command_nested_with_multiple_env_files
PASSED tests/test_runner.py::TestRunner::test_run_simple_command_not_nested
PASSED tests/test_runner_podman.py::TestRunnerPodman::test_run_complex_command_nested
PASSED tests/test_runner_podman.py::TestRunnerPodman::test_run_complex_command_nested_with_env
PASSED tests/test_runner_podman.py::TestRunnerPodman::test_run_complex_command_not_nested
PASSED tests/test_runner_podman.py::TestRunnerPodman::test_run_non_existent_unauthorized_volume
PASSED tests/test_runner_podman.py::TestRunnerPodman::test_run_simple_command_nested_network_exist
PASSED tests/test_runner_podman.py::TestRunnerPodman::test_run_simple_command_nested_network_not_exist
PASSED tests/test_runner_podman.py::TestRunnerPodman::test_run_simple_command_not_nested
PASSED tests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_create_path_and_add_data
PASSED tests/test_utils.py::TestUtils::test_get_runtime_command
======================== 100 passed, 1 warning in 0.67s ========================

Test errors Included

Test report (JUnit) Included

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><testsuites><testsuite name="pytest" errors="0" failures="0" skipped="0" tests="100" time="0.672" timestamp="2026-11-14T04:41:22.378311+00:00" hostname="49bbe7e266e9"><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_build_all_images" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_build_existing_image" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_build_existing_image_with_context" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_build_multiple_images" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_build_multiple_images_with_invalid_image" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_build_multiple_images_with_non_existing_dockerfile" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_build_non_existing_image" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_build_with_context_from_config_file" time="0.013" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_build_with_defaults_from_config_file" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_build_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_containers" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_cli_help" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_cli_without_params" time="0.000" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_images_with_all_results" time="0.008" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_images_with_local_result_and_missing_remote_results" time="0.007" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_images_with_missing_remote_results" time="0.008" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_images_with_multiple_local_results" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_images_with_remote_results_only" time="0.007" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_images_with_single_local_results" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_images_with_with_remote_error" time="0.007" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_images_without_local_results" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_make" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_make_with_additional_make_params" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_make_with_default_params" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_make_with_defaults_from_config_file" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_make_without_build_container_tag" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_make_without_build_container_tag_with_context" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_push" time="0.006" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_push_already_in_registry" time="0.006" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_push_already_in_registry_with_force" time="0.006" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_push_fail" time="0.006" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_push_rmi_fail" time="0.006" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_push_tag_fail" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_push_to_namespace" time="0.006" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_push_with_defaults_from_config_file" time="0.006" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_rmi_local" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_rmi_remote" time="0.003" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_rmi_remote_fail" time="0.003" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_interactive_from_environment" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_non_interactive" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_non_interactive_from_environment" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_config_including_git_revision_with_uncommitted_changes" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_config_including_git_revision_without_uncommitted_changes" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_defaults_and_env_from_config_file" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_defaults_and_env_from_env_file" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_defaults_and_env_from_multiple_env_file" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_interpolated_volumes" time="0.004" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_invalid_interploated_volumes_interpolated" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_volumes" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_workdir" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_defaults_from_config_file_including_workspace" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_env" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_env_list" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_env_list_get_from_env" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_env_overriding_config_file" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_env_wrong_type" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_existing_local_build_container" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_existing_remote_build_container" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_invalid_port_range" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_non_default_net" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_non_existing_build_container" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_publish_multiple_ports" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_publish_out_of_range_port" time="0.000" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_publish_port_range" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_publish_single_port" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_publish_textual_port" time="0.000" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_with_publish_textual_port_range" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_without_build_container_tag" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_run_without_build_container_tag_cached" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_shell" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_subcommand_help" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_subcommand_without_global_params" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_subcommand_without_subcommand_params" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_validate_project_image" time="0.000" /><testcase classname="tests.test_cli.TestCLI" name="test_version" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_git.TestGit" name="test_get_full_hash" time="0.020" /><testcase classname="tests.test_git.TestGit" name="test_get_hash_with_default_argument" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_git.TestGit" name="test_get_short_hash" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_git.TestGit" name="test_not_in_git_project" time="0.000" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_handle_volumes_bind_mount_with_bad_volume_mount" time="0.000" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_run_complex_command_nested" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_run_complex_command_nested_with_env" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_run_complex_command_nested_with_special_case_verification" time="0.003" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_run_complex_command_not_nested" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_run_simple_command_nested_interactive" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_run_simple_command_nested_network_exist" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_run_simple_command_nested_network_not_exist" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_run_simple_command_nested_with_env" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_run_simple_command_nested_with_env_file" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_run_simple_command_nested_with_multiple_env_files" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner.TestRunner" name="test_run_simple_command_not_nested" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner_podman.TestRunnerPodman" name="test_run_complex_command_nested" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner_podman.TestRunnerPodman" name="test_run_complex_command_nested_with_env" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner_podman.TestRunnerPodman" name="test_run_complex_command_not_nested" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner_podman.TestRunnerPodman" name="test_run_non_existent_unauthorized_volume" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner_podman.TestRunnerPodman" name="test_run_simple_command_nested_network_exist" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner_podman.TestRunnerPodman" name="test_run_simple_command_nested_network_not_exist" time="0.002" /><testcase classname="tests.test_runner_podman.TestRunnerPodman" name="test_run_simple_command_not_nested" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_utils.TestUtils" name="test_create_path_and_add_data" time="0.001" /><testcase classname="tests.test_utils.TestUtils" name="test_get_runtime_command" time="0.000" /></testsuite></testsuites>

Agent log Included

  [   0.0s] 📋 System Prompt: You are a principal Python software engineer resolving a repository issue in `/workspace`.
  [   0.0s] 🎯 Task Prompt: You are evaluating a software engineering task for repository Stratoscale/skipper.
  [  10.8s] 💭 (400 chars) "The user is reporting a `TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str` when 
running `skipper build`.
The tra..."
  [  10.8s] 📖 read_file (skipper/cli.py)
  [  10.9s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'skipper/cli.py', 'content': "    if not images_to_build:\n        
valid_images_to_build = …
  [  17.0s] 💭 (164 chars) "The line is `fqdn_image = image + ':' + tag`.
`tag = git.get_hash()` is called right before the loop.
Let's check `skipp..."
  [  17.0s] 📖 read_file (skipper/git.py)
  [  17.0s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'skipper/git.py', 'content': 'import os.path\nimport logging\nimport 
subprocess\n\n\ndef ge…
  [  34.7s] 💭 (669 chars) "In `skipper/git.py`, `get_hash()` uses `subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()`.
`subprocess.check_output` returns..."
  [  34.7s] 🔧 run_command grep -rn "get_hash" .
  [  34.7s]   → ./skipper/cli.py:76:    ctx.obj['build_container_tag'] = git.get_hash() if ctx.obj['git_revision'] else 
build_container_
  [  41.3s] 💭 (228 chars) "It seems `git.get_hash()` is used in several places in `cli.py`.

Let's create a reproduction script to confirm the bug...."
  [  41.3s] 🔧 run_command ls -d .git
  [  41.4s]   → .git
  [  48.4s] 💭 (89 chars) "Yes, there is a `.git` directory. I can try to call `get_hash()` and see what it returns."
  [  48.4s] 🔧 run_command (6 lines) python3 - <<'PY'
  [  48.5s]   → Type: <class 'bytes'>
  [  54.5s] 💭 (269 chars) "Confirmed. `get_hash()` returns `bytes`.

Now let's fix it in `skipper/git.py`. I'll use `universal_newlines=True` for c..."
  [  54.5s] 🔧 run_command grep -rn "subprocess.check_output" .
  [  54.6s]   → ./skipper/utils.py:186:    return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())
  [  62.2s] 💭 (222 chars) "In `skipper/utils.py:186`, `subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip()` is wrapped in `str()`.
Wait, `str(b'abc')` in Python 3..."
  [  62.2s] 📖 read_file (skipper/utils.py)
  [  62.2s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'skipper/utils.py', 'content': '    return 
pkg_resources.resource_filename("skipper", f"dat…
  [  67.4s] 💭 (228 chars) "Indeed, `run_container_command` does `return str(subprocess.check_output(cmd).strip())`.
This is almost certainly a bug ..."
  [  67.4s] 🔧 run_command grep -rn "run_container_command" .
  [  67.5s]   → ./skipper/runner.py:226:    utils.run_container_command(['network', 'create', net])
  [  72.0s] 💭 (84 chars) "It's used in several places. Let's check how `output` is used in `skipper/utils.py`."
  [  72.0s] 📖 read_file (skipper/utils.py)
  [  72.1s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'skipper/utils.py', 'content': '\n\ndef get_images_from_dockerfiles():\n   
dockerfiles = g…
  [  91.6s] 💭 (595 chars) "In `get_local_images_info`:
```python
        output = run_container_command(command + [image])
        if output == '':..."
  [  91.6s] 🔧 run_command (10 lines) python3 - <<'PY'
  [  91.7s]   → s: b'{"name": "my_image", "tag": "1234567"}'
  [ 115.3s] 💭 (1346 chars) "Confirmed. `str(bytes)` is not what's wanted. It should be `.decode('utf-8')`.

So I should fix `get_hash` in `skipper/g..."
  [ 115.3s] 🔧 run_command grep -rn "subprocess.check_output" skipper/runner.py
  [ 115.4s]   → error (exit 0): 
  [ 123.0s] 💭 (251 chars) "Okay, it's not in `skipper/runner.py`.

Wait, what about other `subprocess` calls?
`subprocess.call` is used in `uncommi..."
  [ 123.0s] ✏️ edit_file (skipper/git.py)
  [ 123.2s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'skipper/git.py', 'occurrences': 1, 'strategy': 'exact', 'diff': '--- 
a/skipper/git.py\n+++…
  [ 126.6s] 💭 (27 chars) "Now fix `skipper/utils.py`."
  [ 126.6s] ✏️ edit_file (skipper/utils.py)
  [ 126.8s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'skipper/utils.py', 'occurrences': 1, 'strategy': 'exact', 'diff': '--- 
a/skipper/utils.py\…
  [ 129.7s] 💭 (47 chars) "Now let's verify `get_hash()` returns a string."
  [ 129.7s] 🔧 run_command (6 lines) python3 - <<'PY'
  [ 129.7s]   → Type: <class 'str'>
  [ 136.4s] 💭 (121 chars) "Now let's verify that `run_container_command` returns a string.
I'll mock `get_runtime_command` and run a simple command..."
  [ 136.4s] 🔧 run_command (10 lines) python3 - <<'PY'
  [ 136.8s]   → Type: <class 'str'>
  [ 142.5s] 💭 (242 chars) "Both are now returning strings.

Now I should run the tests to make sure I didn't break anything.
I'll run `tests/test_g..."
  [ 142.5s] 🔧 run_command ls tests/
  [ 142.5s]   → __init__.py
  [ 145.2s] 💭 (56 chars) "Let's run `tests/test_git.py` and `tests/test_utils.py`."
  [ 145.2s] 🔧 run_command pytest tests/test_git.py tests/test_utils.py -q --tb=short --no-header
  [ 145.8s]   → error (exit 0): 
  [ 166.3s] 💭 (954 chars) "The tests in `tests/test_git.py` failed because they were asserting that 
`subprocess.check_output` was called WITHOUT `t..."
  [ 166.3s] ✏️ edit_file (skipper/git.py)
  [ 166.4s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'skipper/git.py', 'occurrences': 1, 'strategy': 'exact', 'diff': '--- 
a/skipper/git.py\n+++…
  [ 171.2s] 💭 (23 chars) "Now `skipper/utils.py`."
  [ 171.2s] ✏️ edit_file (skipper/utils.py)
  [ 171.3s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'skipper/utils.py', 'occurrences': 1, 'strategy': 'exact', 'diff': "--- 
a/skipper/utils.py\…
  [ 173.1s] 💭 (30 chars) "Now let's run the tests again."
  [ 173.1s] 🔧 run_command pytest tests/test_git.py tests/test_utils.py -q --tb=short --no-header
  [ 173.4s]   → error (exit 0): 
  [ 234.7s] 💭 (449 chars) "Ah, the tests are mocking `subprocess.check_output` to return a `str`!

```python
    with patch('subprocess.check_outpu..."
  [ 234.7s] 📖 read_file (tests/test_git.py)
  [ 234.7s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'tests/test_git.py', 'content': "import unittest\nimport mock\nfrom skipper
import git\n\n\…
  [ 266.0s] 💭 (1501 chars) "Yes, `test_get_hash_with_default_argument` uses `@mock.patch('subprocess.check_output', 
return_value=GIT_HASH_FULL)`, wh..."
  [ 266.0s] 📖 read_file (tests/test_utils.py)
  [ 266.0s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'tests/test_utils.py', 'content': 'import os\nimport unittest\n\nimport 
mock\n\nfrom skippe…
  [ 271.7s] 💭 (145 chars) "Wait, `tests/test_utils.py` DOES NOT test `run_container_command`!

Let me double check if there are any other tests for..."
  [ 271.7s] 🔧 run_command grep -rn "run_container_command" tests/
  [ 271.8s]   → error (exit 0): 
  [ 298.1s] 💭 (1060 chars) "Okay, so `run_container_command` is NOT tested in `tests/`. That's surprising, but it makes
it easier.

So for `run_cont..."
  [ 298.1s] ✏️ edit_file (skipper/git.py)
  [ 298.3s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'skipper/git.py', 'occurrences': 1, 'strategy': 'exact', 'diff': '--- 
a/skipper/git.py\n+++…
  [ 302.9s] 💭 (23 chars) "Now `skipper/utils.py`."
  [ 302.9s] ✏️ edit_file (skipper/utils.py)
  [ 303.1s]   ✓ {'status': 'ok', 'filepath': 'skipper/utils.py', 'occurrences': 1, 'strategy': 'exact', 'diff': "--- 
a/skipper/utils.py\…
  [ 305.5s] 💭 (24 chars) "Now let's run the tests."
  [ 305.5s] 🔧 run_command pytest tests/test_git.py tests/test_utils.py -q --tb=short --no-header
  [ 305.8s]   → ......                                                                   [100%]
  [ 308.1s] 💭 (71 chars) "The tests pass! Now let's verify the reproduction script one last time."
  [ 308.1s] 🔧 run_command python3 /tmp/repro.py
  [ 308.1s]   → error (exit 0): 
  [ 331.5s] 💭 (59 chars) "Ah, I didn't create it in this session. Let me recreate it."
  [ 331.5s] 🔧 run_command (31 lines) python3 - <<'PY'
  [ 331.6s]   → get_hash output: 'mocked_hash' (type: <class 'str'>)
  [ 335.3s] 💭 (71 chars) "Everything looks good. Now I'll check `git status --short && git diff`."
  [ 335.3s] 🔧 run_command git status --short && git diff
  [ 335.3s]   →  M skipper/git.py
  [ 354.3s] 💭 (1135 chars) "One thing I noticed in the diff is that `get_hash` was:
`-    return subprocess.check_output(git_command).strip()`
Actua..."
  [ 354.3s] 🤖 submit_patch
  [ 354.4s]   → submit_patch: {"status": "ok", "patch_size": 1045, "files_changed": 2}
  [ 362.0s] 💭 (9 chars) "All done."
  [ 362.0s] ✅ Agent finished: The `TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "bytes") to str` was caused by 
`subprocess.check_output()` returning bytes in Python 3. I updated `skipper/git.py` and `skipper/utils.py` to explicitly
de...

Native result row

{
  "agent_error": null,
  "duration_seconds": 366.47,
  "error": null,
  "grade": {
    "collected_tests": 100,
    "competition_junit_ok": true,
    "error": null,
    "required_issues_count": 0,
    "resolved": true,
    "status_counts": {
      "PASSED": 100
    },
    "strict_clean_patch": true,
    "test_exit_code": 0
  },
  "instance_id": "Stratoscale__skipper-164",
  "pass_idx": 0,
  "patch_chars": 1045,
  "phase1_seconds": 364.73,
  "repo": "Stratoscale/skipper",
  "request_log_path": "/kaggle-root/working/r31/rollouts_X/requests/Stratoscale__skipper-164__p0__r0.jsonl",
  "resolved": true,
  "rollout_idx": 0,
  "run_key": "Stratoscale__skipper-164__p0__r0",
  "strict_clean_patch": true,
  "tool_calls": 29,
  "total_llm_calls": 31,
  "trace_path": "/kaggle-root/working/r31/rollouts_X/traces/trace_Stratoscale__skipper-164__p0__r0.json"
}